Auditory and visual category learning in children and adults.
Auditory and visual category learning in children and adults.
复制标题
儿童和成人的听觉和视觉类别学习。
DOI：
10.1037/dev0001525
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Chandrasekaran,Bharath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roark,CaseyL;Lescht,Erica;HamptonWray,Amanda;Chandrasekaran,Bharath
类别是日常生活的基础，学习新类别的能力与整个生命周期有关。类别在模态中无处不在，支持对象识别和语音感知等复杂过程。以前的工作提出，不同的类别可能会从事学习系统具有独特的发展轨迹。有一个有限的理解知觉和认知发展如何影响学习，以前的研究已经检查了单独的参与者在一个单一的模式。本研究对8-12岁儿童的类别学习进行了全面的评估（12名女性; 34名白色，1名亚洲人，1名多种族; M家庭收入85 - 10万美元）和18-61岁的成年人（13名女性; 32名白色人，10名黑人或非裔美国人，4名亚洲人，2名以上种族，1名其他; M家庭收入$40-55 K）。在多个会话中，参与者学习了不同模式（听觉，视觉）的类别，这些模式涉及不同的学习系统（外显，程序）。不出所料，成年人在所有任务中的表现都优于儿童。然而，这一业绩的提高在不同类别和模式之间并不对称。成人在学习视觉外显类别和听觉程序类别方面远远优于儿童，其他类型类别的发展差异较小。成年人的总体优势是由于增强的信息处理，而他们的上级性能的视觉显式和听觉程序类别与不太谨慎的正确反应。这些结果表明，知觉和认知发展之间的相互作用，影响学习的类别，可能对应于现实世界的技能，如语音感知和阅读的发展。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023阿帕，保留所有权利）
Categories are fundamental to everyday life and the ability to learn new categories is relevant across the lifespan. Categories are ubiquitous across modalities, supporting complex processes such as object recognition and speech perception. Prior work has proposed that different categories may engage learning systems with unique developmental trajectories. There is a limited understanding of how perceptual and cognitive development influences learning as prior studies have examined separate participants in a single modality. The current study presents a comprehensive assessment of category learning in 8–12-year-old children (12 female; 34 white, 1 Asian, 1 more than one race; M household income $85–$100 K) and 18–61-year-old adults (13 female; 32 white, 10 Black or African American, 4 Asian, 2 more than one race, 1 other; M household income $40–55 K) in a broad sample collected online from the United States. Across multiple sessions, participants learned categories across modalities (auditory, visual) that engage different learning systems (explicit, procedural). Unsurprisingly, adults outperformed children across all tasks. However, this enhanced performance was asymmetrical across categories and modalities. Adults far outperformed children in learning visual explicit categories and auditory procedural categories, with fewer differences across development for other types of categories. Adults’ general benefit over children was due to enhanced information processing, while their superior performance for visual explicit and auditory procedural categories was associated with less cautious correct responses. These results demonstrate an interaction between perceptual and cognitive development that influences learning of categories that may correspond to the development of real-world skills such as speech perception and reading.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)