Requirements of dietary fats to meet nutritional needs & prevent the risk of atherosclerosis--an Indian perspective.
Requirements of dietary fats to meet nutritional needs & prevent the risk of atherosclerosis--an Indian perspective.
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膳食脂肪的要求以满足营养需求
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Ghafoorunissa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ghafoorunissa
为了达到印度人的脂肪需求，在通常消费的食物中确定了无形脂肪和脂肪酸的组成。考虑到世界卫生组织的指导方针和印度人的无形脂肪摄入量，计算了根据年龄，体力活动和生理状况的可见脂肪需求。膳食和血浆脂肪酸的数据表明，虽然亚油酸（18：2 n-6，LA）的需求量由于其在谷物和许多植物油中的高水平而得到充分满足，但α-亚麻酸（18：3，n-3 ALNA）的摄入量很低。长期大量摄入ALNA或长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LCn-3 PUFA）可降低冠心病（CHD）的风险。因此，在印度受试者中进行了代谢研究，以研究使用鱼油（LC n-3 PUFA）和富含ALNA的油（菜籽油和芥末油，MO）与含有可忽略不计的ALNA的油（花生油，GNO和棕榈精，PO）对血脂、必需脂肪酸（EFA）状态和血小板聚集的影响。结果表明，在6- 7%能量的LA水平下，约0.2 - 0.5%能量的LC n-3 PUFA或1.4%能量的ALNA产生抗动脉粥样硬化作用。然而，高水平的芥酸（22：1，EA）存在于MO阻止这些有益的影响。由于n-6与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的绝对水平和比例对最佳健康至关重要，因此建议使用一种以上的油（正确选择）。然而，在允许商业化制备和认可健康声明之前，有必要评估推荐的油组合的长期健康益处。经常食用植物性食物是ALNA的良好来源，也有助于改善n-3状态。然而，非素食者可以选择吃鱼来实现这一点。
To arrive at the fat requirements for Indians, invisible fat and fatty acid compositions were determined in commonly consumed foods. Taking into account the WHO guidelines and the invisible fat intake of Indians, the visible fat requirements according to age, physical activity and physiological status were calculated. The data from both dietary and plasma fatty acids showed that while the requirements of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6, LA) were fully met due to their high levels in cereals and many vegetable oils, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3 ALNA) intakes were low. Long-term high intakes of ALNA or long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA) reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Metabolic studies were therefore conducted in Indian subjects to investigate the effects of using fish oils (LC n-3 PUFA) and ALNA rich oils (canola oil and mustard oil, MO) in comparison to oils which have negligible ALNA (groundnut oil, GNO and palmolein, PO) on plasma lipids, essential fatty acid (EFA) status and platelet aggregation. The results showed that at a level of 6-7 energy per cent LA, about 0.2 to 0.5 energy per cent LC n-3 PUFA or 1.4 energy per cent ALNA produced anti-atherogenic effects. However, high levels of erucic acid (22:1, EA) present in MO prevented these beneficial effects. Since absolute levels as well as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA are essential for optimal health, the use of more than one oil (correct choice) is recommended. However, it is necessary to evaluate the long-term health benefits of the recommended oil combinations before permitting commercial preparation and endorsing health claims. Regular consumption of plants foods which are good sources of ALNA can also contribute to improving n-3 status. Non-vegetarians, however, have the choice of eating fish to accomplish this.