English- and Chinese-Learning Infants Map Novel Labels to Objects and Actions Differently
English- and Chinese-Learning Infants Map Novel Labels to Objects and Actions Differently
复制标题
学习英语和汉语的婴儿对物体和动作的新标签的映射方式不同
DOI：
10.1037/a0024049
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Meng, Xiangzhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan, Cheri C. Y.;Tardif, Twila;Meng, Xiangzhi
基于自然主义和检查表方法的研究揭示了英语和汉语单语儿童在学习名词和动词的轨迹上的差异。然而，基于受控实验室设计（例如，Imai等人，2008年，他获得了一个更复杂的画面。在词汇学习的多维视角（不同的机制在发展过程中被赋予不同的权重并被招募到不同的程度）的指导下，我们考察了英语和普通话学习婴儿（n = 128）将新标签映射到不熟悉的动作和物体的能力。研究结果揭示了跨语言的变化，在映射的话，以行动与对象是一致的，与以前发现的自然主义和清单的方法。具体来说，英语学习者能够在18个月时将新标签映射到动作和物体，但在14个月时既不能映射到动作也不能映射到物体。在相同的实验范式中，14个月和18个月大的普通话学习者能够将新标签映射到动作，但不能映射到物体。当婴儿根据他们的词汇量进行分组时，也发现了类似的模式。综合结果支持一个动态的观点，考虑到多种机制相互作用的发展时间与重要的文化限制的单词学习。
Research based on naturalistic and checklist methods has revealed differences between English and Chinese monolingual children in their trajectories of learning nouns and verbs. However, studies based on controlled laboratory designs (e.g., Imai et al., 2008) have yielded a more mixed picture. Guided by a multidimensional view of word learning (in which different mechanisms are weighted and recruited to different extents over development), we examined English- and Mandarin-learning infants' (n = 128) ability to map novel labels to unfamiliar actions and objects. Findings reveal cross-linguistic variations in the mapping of words to actions versus objects that are consistent with those found previously with naturalistic and checklist methods. Specifically, English learners were able to map novel labels to both actions and objects at 18 months but to neither actions nor objects at 14 months. In an identical experimental paradigm, Mandarin learners at both 14 and 18 months of age were able to map novel labels to actions but not to objects. Similar patterns were found when infants were grouped based on their vocabulary size. Combined results lend support for a dynamic view of word learning that take into account multiple mechanisms interacting across developmental time with important cultural constraints.