Narrative Universals, Heroic Tragi-Comedy, and Shakespeare's Political Ambivalence
Narrative Universals, Heroic Tragi-Comedy, and Shakespeare's Political Ambivalence
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叙事普遍性、英雄悲喜剧和莎士比亚的政治矛盾心理
DOI：
10.1353/lit.2006.0007
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
P. Hogan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Hogan
英雄悲喜剧是跨文化最常见的三种叙事原型之一。特定的作品是通过发展原则和主题从这个原型中产生的。发展原则和主题也在跨文化中反复出现。此外，由此产生的作品往往在不同的时间和地点服务于相同的社会功能，通常是加强内群体的认同和反对外群体，特别是在战争的背景下。另一方面，原型、发展原则和母题是认知结构，而不是柏拉图式的形式。因此，在它们的细节、相互作用和功能后果方面存在一些个体差异。本文分析了莎士比亚的五部戏剧：《亨利五世》、《尤利乌斯·凯撒》、《理查二世》、《哈姆雷特》和《暴风雨》。本考试的目的是隔离莎士比亚的英雄结构的独特使用的中心特征，他青睐的发展原则和主题，最重要的是，他的戏剧反复出现的功能性影响。结果告诉我们一些关于莎士比亚作品的主体以及人类思想在文学创作中运作的精确方式。它还具有解释性的后果，因为它将个体戏剧置于新的语境中，从而揭示了其叙事组织和主题关注的新方面。
Heroic tragi-comedy is one of the three most common narrative prototypes cross-culturally. Particular works are generated from this prototype through development principles and motifs. The development principles and motifs recur cross-culturally as well. Moreover, the resulting works tend to serve the same social functions at different times and places—commonly, enhancing in-group identification and opposition to an out-group, especially in the context of war. On the other hand, the prototypes, development principles, and motifs are cognitive structures, not Platonic forms. Thus there is some individual variation in their details, interaction, and functional consequences. The present essay examines five of Shakespeare's plays—Henry V, Julius Caesar, Richard II, Hamlet, and The Tempest. The goal of this examination is to isolate the central features of Shakespeare's distinctive use of the heroic structure, his favored development principles and motifs, and, most importantly, the recurring functional implications of his plays. The result tells us something about the body of Shakespeare's work and about the precise way a human mind operates in the creation of literature. It also has interpretive consequences, for it puts the individual plays in a new context and thus reveals new aspects of their narrative organization and thematic concerns.