The automatic evaluation effect: Unconditional automatic attitude activation with a pronunciation task
The automatic evaluation effect: Unconditional automatic attitude activation with a pronunciation task
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/jesp.1996.0005
复制
发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hymes, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bargh, JA;Chaiken, S;Hymes, C
以前的自动态度激活演示使用了相同的自动性存在的关键测试（Bargh，Chaiken，Govender，& Pratto，1992; Chaiken & Bargh，1993; Fazio，Sanbonmatsu，Powell，& Kardes，1986）。在这项任务中，受试者首先尽可能快地对一系列形容词中的每一个进行分类，以确定每个形容词的意义是好还是坏。随后，在每次启动试验中，与态度对象相对应的词短暂地位于形容词目标之前。这种态度客体启动是否会自动激活记忆中相应的评价，取决于该启动词在试验中的出现是否促进或干扰了对形容词目标的有意识和有意的评价。尽管对于自动性效应的普遍性存在一些分歧（Chaiken & Bargh，1993; Fazio，1993），但所有相关的实验都至少在一些被试的态度上获得了它。本实验探讨了形容词评价任务本身在自动性产生中的作用。如果效果真的是无条件的，只需要态度客体在环境中的存在，它就不应该依赖于主体有意识地根据评价进行思考。三个实验旨在消除所有这些评价功能的基本范式显示，自动性效应并不依赖于这种战略性的评价处理。事实上，这与情感优先假设（Murphy & Zajonc，1993）相一致。从范例中去除有意识的处理方面有助于增加而不是减少自动评估效果的一般性。(C)出版社：Academic Press，Inc.
Previous demonstrations of automatic attitude activation have used the same critical test of the presence of automaticity (Bargh, Chaiken, Govender, & Pratto, 1992; Chaiken & Bargh, 1993; Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986). In this task, subjects first classify as quickly as they can each of a series of adjectives as to whether each adjective is good or bad in meaning. Subsequently, on each priming trial, a word corresponding to an attitude object briefly precedes the adjective target. Whether this attitude object prime automatically activates its corresponding evaluation in memory is indicated by whether the presence of that prime word on a trial facilitates or interferes with the conscious and intended evaluation of the adjective target. Although there is some disagreement as to the generality of the automaticity effect (Chaiken & Bargh, 1993; Fazio, 1993), all relevant experiments have obtained it for at least some of the subject's attitudes. The present experiments investigated the role that the adjective evaluation task itself may play in producing the automaticity effect. If the effect is truly unconditional, requiring only the mere presence of the attitude object in the environment, it should not depend on the subject consciously thinking in terms of evaluation. Three experiments designed to remove all such evaluative features from the basic paradigm revealed that the automaticity effect does not depend on such strategic evaluative processing. In fact, consistent with the affect primacy hypothesis (Murphy & Zajonc, 1993). removing conscious processing aspects from the paradigm serves to increase, rather than decrease, the generality of the automatic evaluation effect. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.