Distribution of iron in the Western Indian Ocean and the Eastern tropical South pacific: An inter-basin comparison
Distribution of iron in the Western Indian Ocean and the Eastern tropical South pacific: An inter-basin comparison
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西印度洋和东部热带南太平洋铁的分布：流域间比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119334
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
German, Christopher R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moffett, James W.;German, Christopher R.
西印度洋（WIO）和东热带南太平洋（ETSP）是明显不同的制度，但他们有几个重要的特点。这些包括一个强大的上升流系统，一个大的氧气最小区（OMZ）与活性反硝化，广泛的热液活动的扩展中心，和一个巨大的贫营养上层水柱。在这里，我们表明，铁的分布和地球化学也显示出显着的相似性。特别是，这两个盆地都表现出大量的地下铁羽流，这些铁羽流来自氧气最小区和热液来源的沉积物。此外，Fe的行为，特别是它的氧化还原循环，是非常相似的阿拉伯海和秘鲁的氧气最小区，反映了类似的过程与氮循环在每个区域。每个OMZ下的大铁羽远低于无氧深度，但它们可能依赖于内部氧化还原循环和清除铁内覆盖OMZ。在全球范围内，无论是阿拉伯海和秘鲁边缘沉积物的热点碳氧化，这可能有助于他们的重要性作为Fe sources.The命运的热液衍生铁在WIO和ETSP是特别有趣的比较，因为他们的源项是非常不同的，即使他们的氧化率，一旦他们进入水柱，应该是直接可比的。在ETSP中，来自沿着超快速扩张的东南太平洋海隆（SEPR）一段的热液输入被整合成一个单一的连贯羽流，该羽流向西输出，穿过海洋内部>4000 km。相比之下，西印度洋的热液输入来自多个来源，包括通过亚丁湾从红海流出、印度尼西亚贯穿流，以及沿着卡尔斯巴德海岭、中印度洋海岭和西南印度洋海岭的多个喷口源，这些喷口源分别是缓慢的、中等的和超缓慢的传播。因此，水热来源的铁分布在WIO中更为复杂，有几个重叠的羽流和明显不同的分布的其他两个水热衍生的金属，铝和锰。在这里，我们认为，这些盆地的比较研究，未来的重点是底栖生物水柱的相互作用，将推进有关铁的地球化学知识，以及如何在WIO的分布，特别是，很可能在未来发生变化。
The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) are distinctly different regimes, yet they share several important features. These include a strong upwelling system, a large oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) with active denitrification, a spreading center with extensive hydrothermal activity, and a vast oligotrophic upper water column. Here, we show that the distribution and geochemistry of iron shows remarkable similarities as well. In particular, both basins exhibit large sub-surface plumes of iron derived from sediments underlying the oxygen minimum zones and from hydrothermal sources. Moreover, the behavior of Fe, especially its redox cycling, is remarkably similar in the Arabian Sea and Peruvian oxygen minimum zone, reflecting similar processes associated with the nitrogen cycle in each region. The large Fe plumes under each OMZ are well below the oxygen-free depth, yet they are probably dependent on internal redox cycling and scavenging of Fe within the overlying OMZs. Globally, both the Arabian Sea and Peru margin sediments are hot spots of carbon oxidation, which probably contributes to their importance as Fe sources.The fate of hydrothermally derived Fe in the WIO and ETSP is particularly interesting to compare because their source terms are very different even though their oxidation rates, once they have entered the water column, should be directly comparable. In the ETSP, hydrothermal inputs from along a section of the ultra-fast spreading Southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) are integrated into a single coherent plume that is exported west across the ocean interior for >4000 km. In contrast, hydrothermal inputs to the WIO derive from multiple sources including outflow from the Red Sea via the Gulf of Aden, the Indonesian Throughflow, and from multiple vent-sources along the Carlsbad Ridge, Central Indian Ridge and SW Indian Ridge which are slow, medium and ultra-slow spreading, respectively. As a result, hydrothermally sourced Fe distributions are more complex in the WIO, with several overlapping plumes and distinctly different distributions of two other hydrothermally-derived metals, aluminum and manganese. Here we argue that comparative studies of these basins, with a future emphasis on benthic-water column interactions, will advance knowledge about Fe biogeochemistry and how distributions in the WIO, in particular, are likely to change in the future.
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