Periodontitis: a host mediated disruption of microbial homeostasis.
Periodontitis: a host mediated disruption of microbial homeostasis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40496-020-00256-4
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发表时间：
2020-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Van Dyke TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu N;Van Dyke TE
在多产的科学生涯中，Robert J. Genco 博士致力于丰富我们对牙周炎发病机制的理解。在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代，当牙周炎被认为是一种经典的感染性疾病时，Bob 有远见地研究和表征了牙周炎，特别是幼年牙周炎的免疫/炎症反应。他在这一领域的领导地位使我们对宿主-微生物组相互作用的认识凸显出来，多年后（2008 年）最终使我们认识到牙周炎是一种基本的炎症性疾病。在这篇综述中，宿主如何调节炎症反应的问题将在最近发现的炎症消退途径如何在疾病发病机制中发挥作用的背景下得到解决。宿主对共生生物的炎症反应会在易感个体中产生过度炎症，并可能导致牙周炎患者口腔微生物群的失调。在牙周健康中，口腔微生物组与宿主反应保持平衡。这种与过度炎症和微生物群失调的共生关系的丧失是进行性疾病的特征。近年来，炎症消退介质在失去平衡中的作用及其作为恢复体内平衡的治疗方法的潜在用途扩展了我们对宿主如何驱动免疫反应影响口腔生态失调的认识。 Genco 博士为我们不断了解宿主-微生物相互作用奠定了基础。炎症消退途径的发现加深了我们对牙周稳态的了解。需要更多的研究来了解宿主如何调节微生物组，以实现更有效地治疗牙周炎和相关炎症性疾病的最终目标。
In a prolific scientific career, Dr. Robert J. Genco dedicated himself to enriching our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. During a period of time in the 1970s and 1980s, when periodontitis was considered a classic infectious disease, Bob had the foresight to investigate and characterize the immune/inflammatory response in periodontitis, particularly Juvenile Periodontitis. His leadership in this area brought to the fore our appreciation of host-microbiome interactions that many years later (2008) culminated in the realization that periodontitis is a fundamental inflammatory disease. In this review, the question of how the host regulates the inflammatory response will be addressed in the context of how more recently-discovered pathways of resolution of inflammation play a role in disease pathogenesis. The host inflammatory response to commensal organisms creates excess inflammation in susceptible individuals and likely drives the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome observed in people with Periodontitis. In periodontal health, the oral microbiome is in balance with the host response. It is the loss of this symbiotic relationship with excess inflammation and microbiome dysbiosis that characterizes progressive disease. In recent years, the role of mediators of resolution of inflammation in the loss of balance and their potential use as therapeutics to restore homeostasis has extended our knowledge of how the host drives immune responses to affect oral dysbiosis. Dr. Genco provided the foundation for our ever-emerging understanding host-microbial interactions. The discovery of inflammation resolution pathways has furthered our knowledge in periodontal homeostasis. More studies are needed to understand how the host regulates the microbiome to fulfill the ultimate goal of more efficient therapeutics for periodontitis and related inflammatory diseases.