International Statement Recommending Against the Use of Terminology That Can Stigmatize People.
International Statement Recommending Against the Use of Terminology That Can Stigmatize People.
复制标题
国际声明建议反对使用可能侮辱他人的术语。
DOI：
10.1097/adm.0000000000000178
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
R. Saitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Saitz
《成瘾医学杂志》一直鼓励使用精确和非污名化的术语（Saitz， 2015和http://journals.lww.com/journaladdictionmedicine/Pages/informationforauthors.aspx#languageandterminologyguidance）。作为国际成瘾期刊编辑协会（ISAJE）的成员期刊，我们赞同ISAJE关于使用污名化术语的声明，该声明如下http://www.parint.org/isajewebsite/ （ISAJE网站），并可能同时在一些成员期刊上发表。该声明逐字逐句如下：“国际成瘾期刊编辑协会建议，不要使用可能使使用酒精、毒品、其他成瘾物质或有成瘾行为的人蒙受耻辱的术语。理由：污名化的术语会影响患者/客户、他们的亲人、公众、科学家和临床医生的感知和行为（Kelly et al., 2010; Broyles et al., 2014; Kelly et al., 2015）。例如，Kelly和Westerhoff（2010）发现，用于指代患有物质相关疾病的个体的术语会影响临床医生的看法。读到关于“虐待”和“施虐者”的临床小插图的临床医生，比读到用“物质使用障碍”和“物质使用障碍患者”代替“虐待”和“施虐者”的相同小插图的临床医生更同意个人罪责的概念和涉及惩罚的方法。“国际成瘾期刊编辑协会意识到，成瘾领域的术语因文化、国家和时间的不同而不同。因此，不可能就使用或不使用特定术语给出全球相关的建议。然而，一般而言，应避免使用其他语言中的“虐待”和“施虐者”或类似词语，除非有特别的科学理由(使用“虐待”的科学理由的一个例子是指符合《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第四版（第4版，文本修订版；DSM-IV-TR；美国精神病学协会，2000年）标准的人、酗酒；这个人会被称为“酗酒”。另一个污名化语言的例子是，因为尿液分析发现存在（或不存在）药物，就把人们描述为“肮脏”（或“干净”）（Kelly等人，2015）。相反，应该描述测试结果和临床情况。上述结论已在2015年国际成瘾期刊编辑协会年会上（2015年8月31日至9月2日，匈牙利布达佩斯）通过。
J ournal of Addiction Medicine has been encouraging the use of precise and nonstigmatizing terminology (Saitz, 2015 and http://journals.lww.com/journaladdictionmedicine/Pages/informationforauthors.aspx#languageandterminologyguidance). As a member journal of the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE), we endorse the statement made by ISAJE regarding the use of terminology that stigmatizes that appears below, here http://www.parint.org/isajewebsite/ (the ISAJE website), and may be published simultaneously in a number of member journals. The statement, verbatim, is as follows: ‘‘The International Society of Addiction Journal Editors recommends against the use of terminology that can stigmatize people who use alcohol, drugs, other addictive substances or who have addictive behavior. Rationale: Terms that stigmatize can affect the perception and behavior of patients/ clients, their loved ones, the general public, scientists, and clinicians (Kelly et al., 2010; Broyles et al., 2014; Kelly et al., 2015). For example, Kelly and Westerhoff (2010) found that the terms used to refer to individuals with substance-related conditions affected clinician perceptions. Clinicians who read a clinical vignette about ‘‘abuse’’ and an ‘‘abuser’’ agreed more with notions of personal culpability and an approach that involved punishment than did those who read an identical vignette that replaced ‘‘abuse’’ and ‘‘abuser’’ with ‘‘substance use disorder’’ and ‘‘person with a substance use disorder.’’ The International Society of Addiction Journal Editors is aware that terminology in the addiction field varies across cultures and countries and over time. It is thus not possible to give globally relevant recommendations about the use or nonuse of specific terms. ‘‘Abuse’’ and ‘‘abuser’’ or equivalent words in other languages should, however, in general, be avoided, unless there is particular scientific justification (an example of scientific justification of the use of ‘‘abuse’’ is when referring to a person who meets criteria for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000), alcohol abuse; that person would be said to have ‘‘alcohol abuse’’. Another example of stigmatizing language is describing people as ‘‘dirty’’ (or ‘‘clean’’) because of a urinalysis that finds the presence (or absence) of a drug (Kelly et al., 2015). Instead, the test results and clinical condition should be described.’’ The above was approved by the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors at its 2015 annual meeting (Budapest, Hungary, August 31–September 2, 2015).