Socio-Economic Standing and Social Status in Contemporary Japan: Scale Constructions and Their Applications
Socio-Economic Standing and Social Status in Contemporary Japan: Scale Constructions and Their Applications
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DOI：
10.1093/esr/jcaa010
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发表时间：
2020-08
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Sho Fujihara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sho Fujihara
目前关于社会分层的概念化和测量的争论正在发现韦伯对阶级和地位的区分在实证分析中越来越有价值。然而，韦伯理论的各个方面还有待于充分研究。事实上，韦伯的理论是否可以应用于时间和文化上不同的情况，或者社会地位是否比其他职业等级（如声望或社会经济地位）更受欢迎，这一点仍然不清楚。为了弥补这一差距，本研究利用2007年和2012年的就业状况调查数据，构建了日本社会经济指数（JSEI）和日本社会地位指数（JSSI）。我们将这两个指标应用于日本的社会分层分析，发现JSEI和JSSI在职业地位的代际传承方面比日本职业声望量表更有效。我们还发现，JSSI是有用的预测个人的文化活动，韦伯预测。JSEI和JSSI的结果与欧洲社会的结果相似，因此证明了它们在日本社会分层调查中的有效性和实用性，从而将欧洲社会分层的研究结果扩展到亚洲社会。
Current debates on the conceptualization and measurement of social stratification are finding increasing value in Weber’s distinction between class and status for empirical analysis. However, aspects of Weber’s theory have yet to be sufficiently investigated. Indeed, it remains unclear whether Weber’s theory can be applied to temporally and culturally different circumstances, or whether social status is preferred to other occupational scales such as prestige or socio-economic standing. To address this gap, this study constructed a Japanese Socio-Economic Index (JSEI) and a Japanese Social Status Index (JSSI), using data from the Employment Status Survey conducted in 2007 and 2012. We applied these two indexes to analyses of social stratification in Japan, finding that the JSEI and JSSI worked better in the intergenerational inheritance of occupational status than the Japanese occupational prestige scale. We also found that the JSSI was useful for predicting the cultural activities of individuals—as Weber predicted. The JSEI and JSSI showed results similar to those found in European societies and so demonstrated their validity and usefulness for investigating social stratification in Japan, thereby extending European findings on social stratification into an Asian society.