Transfer of metals in the liquids of electronic cigarettes
Transfer of metals in the liquids of electronic cigarettes
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DOI：
10.1080/08958378.2020.1776801
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发表时间：
2020-05-11
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Katsaounou, Paraskevi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zervas, Efthimios;Matsouki, Niki;Katsaounou, Paraskevi
目的：电子烟是一种含有液体的电子设备，通常由甘油，丙二醇和尼古丁的混合物组成，有或没有各种浓度的调味剂。当这种液体被加热线圈加热时，产生蒸汽或气溶胶，并从用户吸入。这项工作检查了三个参数（电子液体组成、尼古丁含量和空气流量）对金属从加热线圈转移到电子液体的影响。材料和方法：使用蒸馏单元，其中用两个商业加热元件煮沸20 ml电子液体。四种电子液体：使用100%丙二醇、100%甘油、50/50%丙二醇/甘油、33.3/33.3/33.3%丙二醇/甘油/水，三种尼古丁含量：每体积0、0.4和0.8%，以及三种气流：0、0.5和1.0 L/min。通过全反射X射线荧光光谱法对液体进行分析，以确定金属的最终含量。结果和讨论：发现五种金属，Fe，Ni，Cu，Zn和Pb，从加热线圈转移到电子液体。这些金属的转移随着空气流量和尼古丁浓度的增加而增加，而电子烟液的成分也有显着影响。与丙二醇及其混合物相比，甘油增强了金属的转移。电子液体的沸腾温度显著增加了电子液体中金属的转移。结论：存在金属从加热线圈到电子液体的转移。这种转移取决于电子液体组成和沸腾温度。
Objectives: E-cigarettes are electronic devices containing a liquid that usually consists of a mixture of glycerol, propylene glycol and nicotine, with or without flavorings, in various concentrations. A vapor or aerosol is produced, and inhaled from the user, when this liquid is heated by a heating coil. This work examines the impact of three parameters (e-liquid composition, nicotine content and air flow) on the transfer of metals' from the heating coils to the e-liquids.Materials and methods: A distillation unit was used, where 20ml of an e-liquid were boiled with two commercial heating elements. Four e-liquids: 100% Propylene Glycol, 100% Glycerol, 50/50% Propylene Glycol/Glycerol, 33.3/33.3/33.3% Propylene Glycol/Glycerol/Water, three nicotine contents: 0, 0.4 and 0.8% per volume and three air flows: 0, 0.5 and 1.0 L/min, were used. The liquids were analyzed by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry to determine the final content of metals.Results and discussion: Five metals, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb, were found to be transferred from the heating coils to the e-liquids. The transfer of those metals increases with air flow and nicotine concentration, while e-liquid composition also has a significant impact. Glycerol enhances the transfer of metals compared to propylene glycol and their mixtures. The boiling temperature of the e-liquids increases significantly the transfer of metals in the e-liquids.Conclusions: There is a transfer of metals from the heating coils to the e-liquids. This transfer depends on the e-liquid composition and on the boiling temperature.