Modelling the effects of crime type and evidence on judgments about guilt

Modelling the effects of crime type and evidence on judgments about guilt
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模拟犯罪类型和证据对有罪判断的影响

DOI:
10.1038/s41562-018-0451-z
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
29.9
通讯作者:
Skene, J. H.
Skene, J. H.
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pearson, John M.;Law, Jonathan R.;Skene, Jesse A.;Beskind, Donald H.;Vidmar, Neil;Ball, David A.;Malekpour, Artemis;Carter, R. McKell;Skene, J. H.

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对错误定罪的关注促使人们更加关注理解刑事司法决策。本研究描述了一种实验方法,补充传统的模拟陪审员实验和案例研究,通过提供一个快速,高通量的屏幕识别偏见和偏见,可以影响陪审员和律师如何评估刑事案件中的证据。该方法结合了一个实验性的决策任务,来自市场研究与统计建模,探讨如何评估的情况下,对被告的力量。结果表明,在没有关于潜在错误率或客观可靠性的明确信息的情况下,受试者倾向于过度使用广泛使用的法医证据类型,但对被告的犯罪史的重视程度远远低于预期。值得注意的是,对于模拟陪审员来说,犯罪的类型也会使他们对独立于证据的有罪的信心产生偏差。这种偏见与犯罪的严重性呈正相关。对于执业检察官和其他律师来说,犯罪类型的偏见要小得多,但仍然与犯罪的严重性相关。
Concerns over wrongful convictions have spurred an increased focus on understanding criminal justice decision-making. This study describes an experimental approach that complements conventional mock-juror experiments and case studies by providing a rapid, high-throughput screen for identifying preconceptions and biases that can influence how jurors and lawyers evaluate evidence in criminal cases. The approach combines an experimental decision task derived from marketing research with statistical modelling to explore how subjects evaluate the strength of the case against a defendant. The results show that, in the absence of explicit information about potential error rates or objective reliability, subjects tend to overweight widely used types of forensic evidence, but give much less weight than expected to a defendant’s criminal history. Notably, for mock jurors, the type of crime also biases their confidence in guilt independent of the evidence. This bias is positively correlated with the seriousness of the crime. For practising prosecutors and other lawyers, the crime-type bias is much smaller, yet still correlates with the seriousness of the crime.
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