The evolution of a racing snail
The evolution of a racing snail
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赛跑蜗牛的进化
DOI：
10.1080/10236249409378904
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
M. Wells
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Wells
现代头足类动物是从行动缓慢、代谢率低的祖先进化而来的。快速有效的喷气推进依赖于巨大的可抛射质量，而当地幔空腔被包裹在壳体中时，这是不可能的。贝壳逐渐缩小，变成内部，最终失去了提供浮力的能力。流线型的非浮力鱿鱼速度很快，但运输成本飙升。不可避免的是，燃料供应系统发生了变化，从提高鳃的扩散能力和心输出量，到修改以加快消化过程。外壳的丧失与大脑和感觉器官的复杂程度增加有关。快速喷气推进的巨大成本与快速生长后的半产期生殖策略有关。许多鱿鱼已经开发出鳍作为一种替代的、更经济的运动系统，尽管速度较慢。有些人已经恢复了中性浮力，特别是通过保留氯化铵和减少肌肉质量，这是一种新的浮力。
Modern cephalopods evolved from slow‐moving low metabolic rate shelled ancestors. Rapid efficient jet propulsion depends on a large ejectable mass, impossible while the mantle cavity was enclosed in a shell. The shell was progressively reduced, became internal and finally lost the capacity to provide buoyancy. The streamlined non‐buoyant squid were fast but costs of transport soared. Inevitably, there were changes to the fuel supply system ranging from increases in the gills’ diffusion capacity and the cardiac output through to modifications speeding up digestive processes. The loss of the external shell was associated with increased sophistication of the brain and sense organs. The great cost of rapid jet propulsion is associated with semelparous reproductive strategies following very rapid growth. Many squid have developed fins as an alternative and more economical, if slower, locomotor system. Some have redeveloped neutral buoyancy, notably by retaining ammonium chloride and reducing muscle mass, a ret...