Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity
Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity
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DOI：
10.1038/nature03119
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发表时间：
2004-11-11
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Deppe, DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoshie, T;Scherer, A;Deppe, DG
腔量子电动力学（QED）系统允许研究各种基本的量子光学现象，如纠缠，量子退相干和量子经典边界（1-9）。这样的系统也为量子信息科学提供了测试平台。几乎所有的强耦合腔QED实验都是在高品质因数（高Q）腔中使用单个原子。在这里，我们报告的实验实现的强耦合系统在固态：一个单一的量子点嵌入在纳米腔的间隔，真空场拉比分裂超过退相干线宽的纳米腔和量子点。这需要一个小体积的腔和一个类似原子的两能级系统（5，10）。光子晶体（11）平板纳米腔--当缺陷被引入二维光子带隙内时通过省去一个或多个孔（12）来捕获光子--具有高Q和小模态体积V，如强的光-物质相互作用（13）所要求的。量子点具有两个离散的能级，其跃迁偶极矩远大于原子的跃迁偶极矩（14-16），并且在生长期间固定在纳米腔中。
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems allow the study of a variety of fundamental quantum-optics phenomena, such as entanglement, quantum decoherence and the quantum-classical boundary(1-9). Such systems also provide test beds for quantum information science. Nearly all strongly coupled cavity QED experiments have used a single atom in a high-quality-factor (high-Q) cavity. Here we report the experimental realization of a strongly coupled system in the solid state: a single quantum dot embedded in the spacer of a nanocavity, showing vacuum-field Rabi splitting exceeding the decoherence linewidths of both the nanocavity and the quantum dot. This requires a small-volume cavity and an atomic-like two-level system(5,10). The photonic crystal(11) slab nanocavity-which traps photons when a defect is introduced inside the two-dimensional photonic bandgap by leaving out one or more holes(12)-has both high Q and small modal volume V, as required for strong light-matter interactions(13). The quantum dot has two discrete energy levels with a transition dipole moment much larger than that of an atom(14-16), and it is fixed in the nanocavity during growth.