Untangling the tangle-web:: Web construction behavior of the comb-footed spider Steatoda triangulosa and comments on phylogenetic implications (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Untangling the tangle-web:: Web construction behavior of the comb-footed spider Steatoda triangulosa and comments on phylogenetic implications (Araneae: Theridiidae)
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1021175507377
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Zschokke, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benjamin, SP;Zschokke, S
球蛛科的典型结构是一张三维的网，通常被描述为“不规则的”。“网由支撑结构和张力下的线组成，称为胶足线。在实验室条件下，我们使用自动化的方法来观察网建设在therididid的Steatoda triangulosa。网站建设持续了几个晚上。在定位之后，蜘蛛建立了一个三维结构，由几条从撤退处向侧面和向下辐射的线组成。为了建造笨拙的线条，他们从撤退开始，沿着一条结构线移动，然后下降到将线连接到下部基底上。在返回时，他们在丝线的最低部分涂上粘性丝线，然后沿着沿着同一根丝线向上移动回到结构丝线。然后，他们继续移动沿着相同的结构线程再次下降，以建立下一个gumfooted线。这种行为一直持续下去，直到蜘蛛建立了一系列的gumfooted线（一回合）。在两个回合之间有固定的间隔。因此，一张网包含了在不同阶段建立的许多回合。我们发现，gumfooted线是不是同源的粘网元素的圆织，并提出了新的synapomorphic字符，支持单系的球蛛科C Nesticulae和单系的蜘蛛片网织。此外，不同的行为阶段的时间分配模式和gumfooted线的精细结构。
Theridiidae typically construct a three-dimensional web often described as "irregular." The web consists of a supporting structure and lines under tension termed gumfooted lines. We used automated methods to observe web construction in the theridiid Steatoda triangulosa under laboratory conditions. Web construction lasted several nights. After orientation, spiders built a three-dimensional structure of several threads radiating sideways and downward from the retreat. To build gumfooted lines, they started from the retreat, moved along a structural thread, then dropped down to attach the thread to the lower substrate. On returning, they coated the lowest part of the thread with viscid silk before moving up along the same thread back to the structural thread. They then continued moving along the same structural thread to drop down again to build the next gumfooted line. This behavior was continued until the spiders had built a series of gumfooted lines (a bout). There were regular intervals between the construction of two bouts. Thus, a single web included many bouts built in different stages. We show that gumfooted lines are not homologues to sticky web elements of orb-weavers and present new synapomorphic characters that support the monophyly of Theridiidae C Nesticidae and the monophyly of araneoid sheet web weavers. Further, the time allocation pattern for different behavioral stages and the fine structure of a gumfooted line are presented.