Problems of Democratic Transition in Mozambique: A Look over Two Decades of Electoral Politics
Problems of Democratic Transition in Mozambique: A Look over Two Decades of Electoral Politics
复制标题
莫桑比克民主转型的问题：回顾二十年的选举政治
DOI：
10.21814/perspectivas.70
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Daniel Costa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel Costa
1975年，莫桑比克从葡萄牙殖民统治下独立，新生的莫桑比克选择了马克思列宁主义政治思想来指导其未来。然而，由于国家独立两年后开始的残酷内战造成的地方性社会经济危机，该国于1980年代初开始了一系列经济和政治改革，导致1992年的和平协定和1994年的首次多党选举。这一进程被全世界誉为最和平和最成功的冲突后社会政治过渡之一。事实上，莫桑比克的民主化进程可以被认为是成功的，因为它能够保持该国的和平与社会经济稳定。然而，通过分析近20年来的政治发展，本文认为，莫桑比克的民主制度并没有在巩固多党政治方面取得任何明显进展。事实上，莫桑比克的选举政治正受到多种选举舞弊行为的影响，这些舞弊行为阻碍了发展和巩固任何多党和包容性政治制度所必需的民主体制。从这一角度来看，本文承认有必要进行深入的体制改革，以减轻莫桑比克民主制度的缺陷。
雷苏莫
1975年葡萄牙殖民体系的独立，以及对马列主义面向未来的政治意识形态的反思。然而，这场社会经济危机迫使一个国家采取暴力手段，使其获得国家独立，并启动了一系列经济和政治改革，这些改革没有取得1992年和平协议的结果，也没有取得1994年多党选举的结果。这一进程使所有人都认识到这一点，就像迈斯社会政治转型和冲突后的成功一样。事实上，莫桑比克的民主化进程取得了成功，但他们并不认为自己能够维持和平，也不认为自己能够建立社会经济。然而，在分析过去几年的政治发展情况时，这一论点认为，莫桑比克的民主制度没有取得进展，而是朝着巩固多党政治的方向发展。事实上，一个在莫桑比克的政党必须通过多种实际的选举来推动民主体制的发展，并巩固多党和包容性政治体系。这份文件是从另一个角度出发，认识到为减轻莫桑比克民主制度的缺陷而进行的深刻改革的必要性。
Independent from Portuguese colonial system in 1975, the new-born Mozambique elected Marxism-Leninism political ideology to guide its future. However, forced by an endemic socio-economic crisis generated by a brutal civil war that started two years after the national independence, the country started a series of economic and political reforms in the early 1980s that resulted in the peace agreement in 1992 and its first multiparty elections in 1994. This process has been acclaimed worldwide as one of the most peaceful and successful post-conflict socio-political transition. Indeed, the process of democratisation in Mozambique can be considered successful in the sense that it was able to keep alive peace and socio-economic stability in the country. However, analysing the political developments of the last twenty years, this paper argues that the democratic system in Mozambique did not experience any appreciable progress toward the consolidation of the multiparty politics. In fact, the electoral politics in Mozambique is being shadowed by multiple electoral malpractices that are preventing the development of democratic institutions necessary to the development and consolidation of any multiparty and inclusive political system. In this perspective, this paper acknowledges the necessity of deep institutional reforms in order to mitigate the shortcomings of the democratic system in Mozambique.
Resumo
Independente do sistema colonial portugues de 1975, o recem-nascido pais de Mocambique elegeu a ideologia politica marxismo-leninista para orientar o seu futuro. No entanto, forcado por uma crise socioeconomica endemica gerada por uma guerra civil brutal que comecou dois anos apos a independencia nacional, o pais iniciou uma serie de reformas economicas e politicas no inicio dos anos 80 que resultaram no acordo de paz em 1992 e as primeiras eleicoes multipartidarias em 1994. Este processo tem sido aclamado em todo o mundo como uma das transicoes socio-politicas mais pacificas e bem sucedidas pos-conflito. De facto, o processo de democratizacao em Mocambique pode ser considerado bem-sucedido, no sentido em que foi capaz de manter a paz e a estabilidade socioeconomica no pais. No entanto, analisando os desenvolvimentos politicos dos ultimos vinte anos, este artigo argumenta que o sistema democratico em Mocambique nao sofreu nenhum progresso apreciavel em direcao a consolidacao da politica multipartidaria. De facto, a politica eleitoral em Mocambique esta a ser encoberta por multiplas praticas ilicitas eleitorais que impedem o desenvolvimento de instituicoes democraticas necessarias ao desenvolvimento e consolidacao de qualquer sistema politico multipartidario e inclusivo. Nesta perspectiva, este documento reconhece a necessidade de profundas reformas institucionais para mitigar as deficiencias do sistema democratico em Mocambique.