Conflict and collaboration in middle-aged and older couples: I. Age differences in agency and communion during marital interaction.
Conflict and collaboration in middle-aged and older couples: I. Age differences in agency and communion during marital interaction.
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中老年夫妻的冲突与合作：一、婚姻互动中能动性和交流性的年龄差异。
DOI：
10.1037/a0015609
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Olsen-Cerny,Chrisanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith,TimothyW;Berg,CynthiaA;Florsheim,Paul;Uchino,BertN;Pearce,Gale;Hawkins,Melissa;Henry,NancyJM;Beveridge,RyanM;Skinner,MichelleA;Olsen-Cerny,Chrisanna
先前关于婚姻互动中年龄差异的理论和研究表明，老年夫妇比中年夫妇表现出更多的积极性和更少的消极性。然而，对老年夫妇公开行为的研究相对较少，并且强调了分歧，忽视了老年夫妇的其他重要背景，例如在日常问题解决过程中的合作。此外，社会互动的从属关系或共融维度（即温暖与敌意）通常会被评估，但控制或代理维度（例如支配与顺从）则不会被评估。本研究考察了300对中年和老年已婚夫妇在分歧（即讨论当前冲突）和合作（即计划差事）期间的影响、认知评估和公开行为。老年夫妇在意见不一致时报告的负面影响较少，并且认为配偶比中年夫妇更温暖。然而，当年长夫妇的婚姻满意度得到控制时，这些影响就消失了。对于观察到的行为，年长的夫妇很少表现出更多的积极性和减少的消极性，尤其是女性。在合作过程中，老年夫妇表现出独特的温暖和控制的混合，这表明在解决问题时更注重情感和社会问题。
Prior theory and research regarding age differences in marital interaction suggest that older couples display and experience more positivity and less negativity than middle-aged couples. However, studies of overt behavior in older couples are relatively rare and have emphasized disagreement, neglecting other important contexts for older couples such as collaboration during everyday problem solving. Further, the affiliation or communion dimension of social interaction (ie, warmth vs. hostility) is commonly assessed but not the control or agency dimension (eg, dominance vs. submissiveness). The present study examined affect, cognitive appraisals, and overt behavior during disagreement (ie, discussing a current conflict) and collaboration (ie, planning errands) in 300 middle-aged and older married couples. Older couples reported less negative affect during disagreement and rated spouses as warmer than did middle-aged couples. However, these effects were eliminated when older couples’ greater marital satisfaction was controlled. For observed behavior, older couples displayed little evidence of greater positivity and reduced negativity—especially women. During collaboration, older couples displayed a unique blend of warmth and control, suggesting a greater focus on emotional and social concerns during problem solving.