Why walnut flies superparasitize: Time savings as a possible explanation
Why walnut flies superparasitize: Time savings as a possible explanation
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DOI：
10.1007/s004420050071
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
AlonsoPimentel, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Papaj, DR;AlonsoPimentel, H
这项研究评估了一个可能的健身优势，特别是节省时间，这可能是一个不寻常的倾向，在核桃苍蝇（Rhagoletis属）。来寄生它们的核桃宿主，并将卵放入已有的产卵腔中。本研究的第一部分表明，在实验室测定中，两种核桃蝇的雌性，R。boycei和R. juglandis，在腔体重复利用时节省时间，而R. juglandis中，在用卵的体内染色详细检查的情况下，节省时间并不是在新的与现有的地点沉积的窝卵大小差异的人为因素。我们进一步证明，节省的时间反映了减少所需的时间，以产生空腔本身。在研究的第二部分，我们评估的可能性，在该领域，通过重复使用现有的腔节省的时间是无效的额外的时间花费交配与先前描述的男性倾向，以保护这些腔。田间观察结果表明，R. juglandis指出，正如预期的那样，使用现有的网站与增加交配有关。然而，尽管增加了交配的时间，在观察类似的长度女性试图在现有的网站产卵存款离合器往往比女性试图在新的网站产卵。我们讨论了这些结果的背景下观察到的主机特定的昆虫的超寄生避免更常见的模式。
This study evaluated a possible fitness advantage, specifically time savings, that might account for an unusual propensity in walnut flies (Rhagoletis spp.) to superparasitize their walnut hosts and to place eggs into existing egg-laying cavities. The first part of this study demonstrated that, in laboratory assays, females of two walnut fly species, R. boycei and R. juglandis, save time when cavities are reused and that in R. juglandis, where it was examined in detail with in vivo staining of eggs, time saving was not an artifact of differences in the size of clutches deposited at new versus existing sites. We further demonstrated that time savings reflected a reduction in the time required to generate the cavity itself. In the second part of the study, we evaluated the possibility that, in the field, time saved by reusing existing cavities is nullified by extra time spent mating associated with a previously described tendency for males to guard these cavities. Field observations of R. juglandis indicated that use of existing sites was, as expected, associated with increased mating. Yet, despite the added time spent mating, in observations of similar length females attempting to lay eggs at existing sites deposited clutches more often than females attempting to lay eggs at new sites. We discuss these results in the context of the more common pattern of superparasitism avoidance observed in host-specific insects.