RAW YOUTH, SCHOOL-LEAVERS AND THE EMERGENCE OF STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT IN LATE-COLONIAL URBAN TANGANYIKA
RAW YOUTH, SCHOOL-LEAVERS AND THE EMERGENCE OF STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT IN LATE-COLONIAL URBAN TANGANYIKA
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后殖民时期坦噶尼喀城市的原始青年、辍学者和结构性失业的出现
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
A. Burton
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Burton
本文以坦桑尼亚为例，探讨了非洲城市最明显的当代问题之一的历史根源。20世纪世纪中期是一个关键转变的时期，劳动力短缺让位于供过于求，导致出现了持久的“结构性”失业。这是殖民主义影响加深所产生的一系列现象的影响：包括人口增长导致人口日益年轻化、商品化以及社会文化和意识形态因素影响下非洲人的期望值提高。殖民地后期的劳工政策转向稳定化，这一政策无意中阻碍了就业机会的创造，使这些问题变得更加复杂。文章的后半部分描述了即将到来的非洲政权的恐慌反应，面对他们最初解释为城市失业者的潜在叛乱阶层。在结束语中，我们推测，在较长的时间里，人们是否可以从更积极的角度将失业解释为正在进行的更广泛的历史转型的一部分。
This article examines the historical origins of one of urban Africa’s most visible contemporary problems, using Tanzania as a case study. The middle decades of the twentieth century are identified as a time when a pivotal shift occurred as labour scarcity gave way to over-supply, resulting in the emergence of enduring ‘structural’ unemployment. This was influenced by a combination of phenomena arising from the deepening impact of colonialism: including demographic growth leading to an increasingly youthful population, commoditisation and heightened African expectations influenced by socio-cultural and ideological factors. These were compounded by a shift in late-colonial labour policy towards stabilisation, which had the unintended effect of stymieing job creation. The latter part of the article describes the panicked response of the incoming African regime, faced with what they initially interpreted as a potentially insurrectionary class of urban unemployed. Closing remarks speculate on whether, in the longue durée, one may interpret unemployment in a more positive light as part of an ongoing wider historical transformation.