What Habituates in Infant Visual Habituation? A Psychophysiological Analysis
What Habituates in Infant Visual Habituation? A Psychophysiological Analysis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00012.x
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kannass, Kathleen N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colombo, John;Shaddy, D. Jill;Kannass, Kathleen N.
尽管视觉习惯化在过去的半个世纪里得到了应用，但人们对其潜在的过程知之甚少。我们分析了在4、6和8个月大时纵向收集的在婴儿控制的习服过程中同时观看的心率(HR)，目的是检查HR和HR定义的注意力阶段在习惯化过程中是如何变化的。有四个主要发现。首先，减速的深度和地形以及持续注意的比例(SA)在任何年龄段都不随习惯化而变化，这表明(与比较者理论的原理相反)视觉习惯化结束时大量认知活动的持续性。第二，注意终止(AT)在试验中显著下降，这表明，与先前的想法相反，注意终止可能是视觉学习的敏感指标。第三，所有年龄段的婴儿在第一次试验中都表现出对刺激开始的HR增加(惊吓)，其幅度与随后的HR减速延迟和较小的SA有关；因此，刺激事件影响了试验过程中的加工。最后，平均总体心率在所有年龄段的试验中都有可靠的增长。这最后一个发现意味着需要区分习惯化过程中的“阶段性”HR变化(例如，看起来减速)和较长期的“紧张性”HR变化(试验期间的平均值增加)，并提出了一个问题，即紧张性增加可能反映了习惯化范式中的哪些过程。
Despite the use of visual habituation over the past half century, relatively little is known about its underlying processes. We analyzed heart rate (HR) taken simultaneous with looking during infant-controlled habituation sessions collected longitudinally at 4, 6, and 8 months of age with the goal of examining how HR and HR-defined phases of attention change across habituation. There were four major findings. First, the depth and topography of decelerations and proportion of sustained attention (SA) did not vary across habituation at any age, which suggested (in contrast to the tenets of comparator theory) the persistence of substantial cognitive activity at the end of visual habituation. Second, attention termination (AT) robustly declined across trials, suggesting that, contrary to prior thinking, AT might be a sensitive indicant of visual learning. Third, infants at all ages showed an HR increase (startle) to stimulus onset on the first trial, the magnitude of which was associated with subsequent delayed HR deceleration and less SA; thus, stimulus events affect processing during trials. Finally, mean overall HR reliably increased across trials for all ages. This last finding implies the need to distinguish between "phasic" HR changes (e.g., decelerations during looks) and longer term "tonic" HR changes (mean increases across trials) during habituation, and raises the question of what processes the tonic increases might reflect within the habituation paradigm.