Key Economic Sectors and Services
Key Economic Sectors and Services
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主要经济部门和服务业
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Julius A Ngeh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Arent;R. Tol;E. Faust;J. Hella;Santosh Kumar;K. Strzepek;F. Tóth;D. Yan;Amjad Abdulla;H. Kheshgi;Hengjie Xu;Julius A Ngeh
导言和背景本章讨论气候变化对关键经济部门和服务的影响，例如经济活动。其他章节从物理、化学、生物或社会角度讨论影响。经济影响不可能是孤立的；因此，本报告其他章节中有大量相互参照的章节。在某些情况下，特别是农业，对经济影响的讨论是与其他影响相结合的。本章侧重于气候变化对经济活动的潜在影响，涉及以下问题：气候变化如何影响对特定商品或服务的需求？这对其供应有什么影响？市场中的供需是如何相互作用的？这对生产者和消费者有什么影响？这对整体经济和福利有什么影响？采取了包容各方的做法，讨论了经济的所有部门。本章在线补充材料中的SM10.1节显示了根据国际标准行业分类的部门清单。这一评估反映了这些部门的知识状况的广度和深度；其中许多部门在文献中没有得到评估。我们广泛讨论了五个领域：能源(第10.2节)、水(第10.3节)、交通(第10.4节)、旅游业(第10.6节)和保险业(第10.7节)。第10.5节讨论了其他初级和次级部门，第10.8节专门讨论了其他服务部门。粮食和农业在第7章中讨论。第10.2至10.8节单独讨论各个部门。然而，市场是相互联系的。因此，第10.9节评估了任何一个部门的变化对经济其他部门的影响。它还讨论了气候变化对经济增长和发展的影响。第19章评估了气候变化对经济福利的影响--即消费者和生产者盈余的变化总和，包括未在正规经济中交易的商品和服务。
Introduction and Context This chapter discusses the implications of climate change on key economic sectors and services, for example, economic activity. Other chapters discuss impacts from a physical, chemical, biological, or social perspective. Economic impacts cannot be isolated; therefore, there are a large number of cross-references to sections in other chapters of this report. In some cases, particularly agriculture, the discussion of the economic impacts is integrated with the other impacts. Focusing on the potential impact of climate change on economic activity, this chapter addresses questions such as: How does climate change affect the demand for a particular good or service? What is the impact on its supply? How do supply and demand interact in the market? What are the effects on producers and consumers? What is the effect on the overall economy, and on welfare? An inclusive approach was taken, discussing all sectors of the economy. Section SM10.1 found in this chapter’s on-line supplementary material shows the list of sectors according to the International Standard Industrial Classification. This assessment reflects the breadth and depth of the state of knowledge across these sectors; many of which have not been evaluated in the literature. We extensively discuss five sectors: energy (Section 10.2), water (Section 10.3), transport (Section 10.4), tourism (Section 10.6), and insurance (Section 10.7). Other primary and secondary sectors are discussed in Section 10.5, and Section 10.8 is devoted to other service sectors. Food and agriculture is addressed in Chapter 7. Sections 10.2 through 10.8 discuss individual sectors in isolation. Markets are connected, however. Section 10.9 therefore assesses the implications of changes in any one sector on the rest of the economy. It also discusses the effect of the impacts of climate change on economic growth and development. Chapter 19 assesses the impact of climate change on economic welfare-that is, the sum of changes in consumer and producer surplus, including for goods and services not traded within the formal economy.