Repressive Chromatin in Caenorhabditis elegans: Establishment, Composition, and Function.
Repressive Chromatin in Caenorhabditis elegans: Establishment, Composition, and Function.
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.117.300386
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gasser SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahringer J;Gasser SM
染色质通过组蛋白和其他蛋白质的结合在细胞核中被组织和压缩，它们共同控制着基因组的活性。可以区分两大类染色质：通常具有转录活性的常染色质和受抑制的异染色质。在这里，我们研究了秀丽隐杆线虫中抑制染色质的现状，重点关注与抑制相关的组蛋白修饰的作用，如组蛋白H3赖氨酸9 （H3K9me2/3）的甲基化或多梳抑制复合体2 （MES-2/3/6）沉积修饰H3K27me3，以及识别这些修饰的蛋白质。参与染色质抑制的蛋白质对发育很重要，并在核组织、重复元件沉默、基因组完整性和常染色质调控中发挥作用。此外，染色质因子通过小RNA途径参与抑制。最近的研究结果揭示了秀丽隐杆线虫的异染色质功能和调控，并有助于我们了解其他动物中被抑制的染色质。
Chromatin is organized and compacted in the nucleus through the association of histones and other proteins, which together control genomic activity. Two broad types of chromatin can be distinguished: euchromatin, which is generally transcriptionally active, and heterochromatin, which is repressed. Here we examine the current state of our understanding of repressed chromatin in Caenorhabditis elegans, focusing on roles of histone modifications associated with repression, such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3) or the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (MES-2/3/6)-deposited modification H3K27me3, and on proteins that recognize these modifications. Proteins involved in chromatin repression are important for development, and have demonstrated roles in nuclear organization, repetitive element silencing, genome integrity, and the regulation of euchromatin. Additionally, chromatin factors participate in repression with small RNA pathways. Recent findings shed light on heterochromatin function and regulation in C. elegans, and should inform our understanding of repressed chromatin in other animals.