Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes
Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cis.2010.02.001
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发表时间：
2010-04-22
影响因子：
15.6
通讯作者：
Sakthivel, Natarajan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Narayanan, Kannan Badri;Sakthivel, Natarajan
一系列物理、化学和生物方法已被用于合成纳米材料。为了合成特定形状和尺寸的贵金属纳米颗粒，已经制定了特定的方法。虽然紫外线照射、气溶胶技术、光刻、激光烧蚀、超声波场和光化学还原技术已成功地用于生产纳米颗粒，但它们仍然昂贵，并且涉及使用危险化学品。因此，人们越来越关注开发环境友好和可持续的方法。由于合成不同成分、尺寸、形状和可控分散性的纳米颗粒是纳米技术的一个重要方面，因此正在开发新的具有成本效益的程序。微生物合成纳米粒子是纳米技术与微生物技术相结合的一种绿色化学方法。已经报道了通过细菌、放线菌、真菌、酵母和病毒生物合成金、银、金-银合金、硒、碲、铂、钯、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化锆、量子点、磁铁矿和晶质铀矿纳米颗粒。然而，尽管稳定，生物纳米颗粒不是单分散的，合成速率很慢。为了克服这些问题，必须优化几个因素，如微生物培养方法和提取技术，并可以使用组合方法，如光生物学方法。为了提高生物纳米粒子的合成速率和改善纳米粒子的性能，需要深入研究生物纳米粒子合成的细胞、生物化学和分子机制。由于微生物丰富的生物多样性，它们作为纳米颗粒合成生物材料的潜力还有待充分开发。本文综述了金属纳米粒子的微生物合成及其应用的研究现状。(C)2010 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
An array of physical, chemical and biological methods have been used to synthesize nanomaterials. In order to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles of particular shape and size specific methodologies have been formulated. Although ultraviolet irradiation, aerosol technologies, lithography, laser ablation, ultrasonic fields, and photochemical reduction techniques have been used successfully to produce nanoparticles, they remain expensive and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is a growing concern to develop environment-friendly and sustainable methods. Since the synthesis of nanoparticles of different compositions, sizes, shapes and controlled dispersity is an important aspect of nanotechnology new cost-effective procedures are being developed. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. Biosynthesis of gold, silver, gold-silver alloy, selenium, tellurium, platinum, palladium, silica, titania, zirconia, quantum dots, magnetite and uraninite nanoparticles by bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeasts and viruses have been reported. However, despite the stability, biological nanoparticles are not monodispersed and the rate of synthesis is slow. To overcome these problems, several factors such as microbial cultivation methods and the extraction techniques have to be optimized and the combinatorial approach such as photobiological methods may be used. Cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms that mediate the synthesis of biological nanoparticles should be studied in detail to increase the rate of synthesis and improve properties of nanoparticles. Owing to the rich biodiversity of microbes, their potential as biological materials for nanoparticle synthesis is yet to be fully explored. In this review, we present the current status of microbial synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.