Social monogamy and the threat of infanticide in larger mammals
Social monogamy and the threat of infanticide in larger mammals
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-010-1070-5
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Koenig, Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borries, Carola;Savini, Tommaso;Koenig, Andreas
大型哺乳动物中社会一夫一妻制的演变很难解释，因为雄性通常不会在直接照顾后代方面投入太多，并且可能会通过抛弃怀孕的雌性到其他地方与更多雌性繁殖来获得更大的适应性。据推测，实行一夫一妻制的男性全年都会与女性在一起，以保护他们的后代免受新移民男性的杀戮。我们通过分析野生白掌长臂猿（Hylobates lar；灵长类动物）种群中所有婴儿丢失的案例来研究这一想法，其中大多数群体实行一夫一妻制，有些群体实行一妻多夫制（137.5 群体年）。我们研究了（a）男性入侵者压力对男性移民率的影响以及（b）群体中新男性的存在对婴儿流失的影响。我们发现入侵者压力与男性移民率之间没有关系。稳定的一夫一妻制（可能的父亲从受孕一直到婴儿期）的婴儿流失率最低（4.5%），稳定的一妻多夫制的婴儿流失率中等（25.0%；p = 0.166）。然而，如果新的男性在受孕后移民，则无论假定的父亲是否在场，在所有情况下婴儿都会丢失（p < 0.01）。总体而言，83.3% 的婴儿流失与可能不相关的男性的存在有关。尽管样本量很小，但我们的结果为以下观点提供了第一个真正的支持：杀婴风险是大型哺乳动物社会一夫一妻制进化的一个重要因素。
The evolution of social monogamy in larger mammals is difficult to explain because males usually do not invest much in direct offspring care and might achieve greater fitness by deserting a pregnant female to reproduce with additional females elsewhere. It has been hypothesized that socially monogamous males remain with the female year-round to protect their offspring from infanticide by new immigrant males. We investigated this idea by analyzing all cases of infant loss in a wild population of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar; Primates), in which most groups were socially monogamous and some polyandrous (137.5 group years). We examined the influence of (a) male intruder pressure on male immigration rates and (b) the presence of a new male in the group on infant loss. We found no relation between intruder pressure and male immigration rates. Infant loss was lowest (4.5%) for stable monogamy (probable father stayed from conception through infancy) and intermediate (25.0%; p = 0.166) for stable polyandry. If a new male immigrated after conception, however, the infant was lost in all cases (p < 0.01) independent of the presumed father's presence. Overall, 83.3% of infant losses were associated with the presence of a presumably unrelated male. Although the sample size is small, our results provide the first true support for the idea that the risk of infanticide is an important factor in the evolution of social monogamy in larger mammals.