Thermal transpiration effect of hydrogen, rare gases and methane
Thermal transpiration effect of hydrogen, rare gases and methane
复制标题
氢气、稀有气体和甲烷的热蒸腾效应
DOI：
10.1039/tf9635902503
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发表时间：
1963
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Sensui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Takaishi;Y. Sensui
氢气、氖气、氩气、氪气和甲烷在较高温度下的热蒸腾效应已经通过所谓的“绝对法”在3×10-3-2.5mm Hg的压力范围内测量。结果可以通过一个新的经验方程来最好地描述，该方程是对梁经验公式的修改。此外，通过分析本工作以及其他人在较低温度下的效应的温度变化，获得了一个简单的关系，表明任意温度下的热蒸腾效应可以用一条简化曲线来描述。在建立了所提出的关系对于五种或“气体的普遍适用性后，分析了其他气体的可用数据，以预测热蒸腾效应的温度变化。由于经验方程中包含的常数值与分子直径之间存在简单的关系，因此可以计算没有实验值的气体的热蒸腾值。让两个由细管连接的容器分别保持在不同的温度TI和Tz下。如果系统中保持的气体压力太低，则气体分子的平均自由程是连接管直径的几倍，根据克努森的说法，各个容器中的压力之比Pz/P]=JT~/T，而在较高压力下，这种压力区域分别称为克努森区域和正常区域，在这些区域的中间，热蒸腾值Pz/Pl将在两个极端之间。
The thermai transpiration effects of hydrogen, neon, argon, krypton, and methane at higher temperatures have been measured by the so-called" absolute method" in the pressure range 3 x 10-3-2.5 mrn Hg. The results are best described by a new empirical equation which is a modification of Liang's empirical formula. Further, by analyzing the temperature variation of the effects in the present work and in that at lower temperatures by others, a simple relation is obtained which shows that the thermal transpiration effects at an arbitrary temperature can be described by a single reduced curve. After establishing the general applicability of the proposed relation to five kinds or" gas, the available data on other gases were analyzed in order to predict the temperature variation of the thermal transpiration effects. Since there are simple relations between the values of constants contained in the empirical equation and molecular diameters, one can calculate the thermal transpiration values for gases for which no experimental values are available.Let two vessels connected by a narrow tube be kept at different temperatures, TI and Tz, respectively. If the pressure of gas held in the system is so low that the mean free path of gaseous molecules is several times the diameter of the connecting tube, the ratio of the pressures in the respective vessels, Pz/P]= JT~/T, according to Knudsen, l while it becomes unity at higher pressures. Such pressure regions are called the Knudsen region and the normal region, respectively. In the intermediate of these regions, Pz/Pl, the thermal transpiration value, will range between the two extremes. 1-10