AGU Centennial Grand Challenge: Volcanoes and Deep Carbon Global CO2 Emissions From Subaerial Volcanism-Recent Progress and Future Challenges
AGU Centennial Grand Challenge: Volcanoes and Deep Carbon Global CO2 Emissions From Subaerial Volcanism-Recent Progress and Future Challenges
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/2019gc008690
复制
发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Aiuppa, Alessandro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer, Tobias P.;Aiuppa, Alessandro
量化地面火山活动产生的全球火山二氧化碳排放量，对于更好地了解进出地球的碳循环速率和机制及其对地质时间尺度上地球气候长期演变的影响至关重要。尽管自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来一直是深入研究的焦点，并且尽管最近取得了进展，但全球火山二氧化碳排放量仍然不准确。在这里，我们回顾过去的发展和最近的进展，并检查我们当前理解的局限性和警告以及未来研究的挑战。我们表明，目前只能对大约 100 座火山进行 CO2 通量测量（累计测量通量为 44 Tg CO2/年），这意味着需要进行外推来解释全球数百座脱气火山的排放量。最近的外推尝试表明，通过活跃的火山口喷气孔和羽流进行的持续脱气每年释放出约 53-88 Tg CO2，其中约一半来自 125 座脱气最为活跃的陆上火山（强火山气体排放源 S-vge 每年释放 36.4 2.4 Tg CO2）。通过土壤、火山湖和火山含水层的扩散脱气维持的全球二氧化碳排放量甚至还不太清楚，但可能高达每年 83 至 93 Tg CO2，与更为明显的火山口排放量相媲美。将这些当前通量外推到地球过去的地质历史具有挑战性，并且需要新一代模型将俯冲参数与岩浆和挥发性（CO2）通量联系起来。
Quantifying the global volcanic CO2 output from subaerial volcanism is key for a better understanding of rates and mechanisms of carbon cycling in and out of our planet and their consequences for the long-term evolution of Earth's climate over geological timescales. Although having been the focus of intense research since the early 1990s, and in spite of recent progress, the global volcanic CO2 output remains inaccurately known. Here we review past developments and recent progress and examine limits and caveats of our current understanding and challenges for future research. We show that CO2 flux measurements are today only available for similar to 100 volcanoes (cumulative measured flux, 44 Tg CO2/year), implying that extrapolation is required to account for the emissions of the several hundred degassing volcanoes worldwide. Recent extrapolation attempts converge to indicate that persistent degassing through active crater fumaroles and plumes releases similar to 53-88 Tg CO2/year, about half of which is released from the 125 most actively degassing subaerial volcanoes (36.4 2.4 Tg CO2/year from strong volcanic gas emitters, S-vge). The global CO2 output sustained by diffuse degassing via soils, volcanic lakes, and volcanic aquifers is even less well characterized but could be as high as 83 to 93 Tg CO2/year, rivaling that from the far more manifest crater emissions. Extrapolating these current fluxes to the past geological history of the planet is challenging and will require a new generation of models linking subduction parameters to magma and volatile (CO2) fluxes.