Why do bilaterally symmetrical flowers orient vertically? Flower orientation influences pollinator landing behaviour
Why do bilaterally symmetrical flowers orient vertically? Flower orientation influences pollinator landing behaviour
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Ushimaru;F. Hyodo
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Ushimaru;F. Hyodo
花向是影响植物适合度的重要性状。对称的花被认为是垂直定向的。我们进行了田间试验，我们改变了花的角度左右对称鸭跖草，以确定花的方向如何影响传粉者的行为。我们证实鸭跖草花像其他左右对称花垂直取向。然后，我们人工准备了控制，向上和向下定向的花朵，并将它们暴露给自然授粉者（蚜虫和熊蜂）。我们发现，频率的方法由蚜虫苍蝇和熊蜂是不受花的角度，但有较少的降落在向下的花朵比控制和向上的花朵。此外，向上的花方向增加非法降落（降落在花上不接触柱头或交配相关的花药）与对照相比。因此，在左右对称花的垂直花的方向，以控制传粉者着陆。我们的研究结果表明，偏离垂直方向可能会降低健身C。通过降低昆虫介导的花粉传递的效率，
Flower orientation is an important character influencing plant fitness. Zygomorphic flowers are known to orient vertically. We conducted field experiments in which we changed the flower angle of zygomorphic Commelina communis to determine how flower orientation affects pollinator behaviour. We confirmed that Commelina flowers oriented vertically like other zygomorphic flowers. Then, we artificially prepared control, upward- and downward-oriented flowers and exposed them to natural pollinators (syrphid flies and bumblebees). We found that the frequency of approach by syrphid flies and bumblebees was not influenced by flower angle, but there were fewer landings on downward-oriented flowers than on control and upwardoriented flowers. Moreover, the upward flower orientation increased illegitimate landings (landing on the flower without touching the stigmas or mating-related anthers) compared with controls. Thus, vertical flower orientation in zygomorphic flowers serves to control pollinator landings. Our findings suggest that deviations from vertical orientation may reduce fitness in C. communis by reducing the efficiency of insect-mediated pollen transfer.