Breaking bad: R-loops and genome integrity.
Breaking bad: R-loops and genome integrity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tcb.2015.05.003
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
19
通讯作者：
Cimprich KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sollier J;Cimprich KA
R-环是一种由RNA-DNA杂交体和置换的单链DNA组成的核酸结构，广泛存在于从细菌到哺乳动物的生物体中。R-环最初是在启动DNA复制的细菌中被描述的，现在似乎调控着不同的细胞过程，如基因表达、免疫球蛋白类别转换和DNA修复。R环调节的改变会导致DNA损伤和基因组不稳定，最近的研究表明R环与神经退行性疾病有关。在这里，我们讨论该领域的最新发展；特别是细胞中R-环的调节和作用，它们对基因组和表观基因组稳定性的影响，以及它们对某些疾病的起源的潜在贡献，包括癌症和神经退行性疾病。
R-loops, nucleic acid structures consisting of an RNA-DNA hybrid and displaced single-stranded DNA, are ubiquitous in organisms from bacteria to mammals. First described in bacteria where they initiate DNA replication, it now appears that R-loops regulate diverse cellular processes such as gene expression, immunoglobulin class switching and DNA repair. Changes in R-loop regulation induce DNA damage and genome instability, and recently it was shown that R-loops are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we discuss recent developments in the field; in particular, the regulation and effects of R-loops in cells, their effect on genomic and epigenomic stability and their potential contribution to the origin of certain diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.