Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China
Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17051729
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ho, Roger C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang, Cuiyan;Pan, Riyu;Ho, Roger C.
背景资料：2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情是国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，对心理韧性构成挑战。需要研究数据来制定循证战略，以减少流行病期间的不良心理影响和精神症状。本研究旨在调查中国公众，以更好地了解他们在COVID-19爆发初期的心理影响、焦虑、抑郁和压力水平。这些数据将用于未来的参考。方法：从2020年1月31日至2月2日，我们使用滚雪球抽样技术进行了在线调查。在线调查收集了有关人口统计数据、过去14天的身体症状、与COVID-19的接触史、对COVID-19的认识和担忧、针对COVID-19的预防措施以及就COVID-19所需的额外信息。心理影响采用事件影响量表修订版（IES-R）评估，心理健康状况采用抑郁、焦虑和应激量表（DASS-21）评估。结果：该研究包括来自中国194个城市的1210名受访者。总体而言，53.8%的受访者认为疫情的心理影响为中度或重度; 16.5%的人报告中度至重度抑郁症状; 28.8%的人报告中度至重度焦虑症状; 8.1%的人报告中度至重度压力水平。大多数受访者每天在家呆20-24小时（84.7%）;担心家人感染COVID-19（75.2%）;并对可获得的健康信息量感到满意（75.1%）。女性性别、学生身份、特定的身体症状（例如，肌痛、头晕、鼻炎）和自我评定的健康状况差与疾病爆发的更大心理影响以及更高水平的压力、焦虑和抑郁显著相关（p < 0.05）。具体的最新和准确的健康信息（例如，治疗、本地爆发情况）和特别预防措施（例如，手卫生、戴口罩）与较低的爆发心理影响以及较低的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平相关（p < 0.05）。结论：在中国新冠肺炎疫情爆发的初期，超过一半的受访者将心理影响评为中度至重度，约三分之一的受访者表示有中度至重度焦虑。我们的研究结果确定了与心理影响水平较低和心理健康状况较好相关的因素，可用于制定心理干预措施，以改善COVID-19疫情期间弱势群体的心理健康。
Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20-24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.