Trials, lustration, and clean elections: the uneven effects of transitional justice mechanisms on electoral manipulation
Trials, lustration, and clean elections: the uneven effects of transitional justice mechanisms on electoral manipulation
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审判、净化和廉洁选举：过渡时期司法机制对选举操纵的不平衡影响
DOI：
10.1080/13510347.2017.1304380
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Cole J. Harvey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Claire Greenstein;Cole J. Harvey
摘要过渡时期司法旨在促进民主化，但以往的研究发现其效果好坏参半。我们解决这个难题的重点是如何过渡司法影响民主的必要条件：干净的选举。我们测试四个过渡司法机制-真相委员会，净化政策，大赦和审判-对两种不同类型的选举操纵的影响，使用1980年至2004年在世界各地63个国家举行的187次过渡后选举的数据。我们发现，过渡后的审判限制了非法形式的选举操纵，如选票购买和伪造结果，但对法律的形式的操纵没有影响。相比之下，清剿政策限制了法律的操纵策略，如安全部门对反对者的恐吓和骚扰，但不影响非法策略。通过表明过渡时期司法的不同方面对选举的完整性可能产生不同的影响，该项目增进了对将过渡时期司法与民主化联系起来的机制的理解。
ABSTRACT Transitional justice aims to promote democratization, but previous research has found that it has mixed effects. We address this puzzle by focussing on how transitional justice affects a necessary condition for democracy: clean elections. We test for the effects of four transitional justice mechanisms – truth commissions, lustration policies, amnesties, and trials – on two different types of electoral manipulation, using data from 187 post-transition elections held in 63 countries around the world from 1980 to 2004. We find that post-transition trials limit illegal forms of electoral manipulation, such as vote-buying and falsification of results, but have no effect on legal forms of manipulation. By contrast, lustration policies limit legal manipulation tactics, like intimidation and harassment of opponents by the security services, but do not affect illegal tactics. By showing that different aspects of transitional justice can have varying influence on electoral integrity, this project improves understanding of the mechanisms that link transitional justice and democratization.