Do Coral Reefs Promote Morphological Diversification? Exploration of Habitat Effects on Labrid Pharyngeal Jaw Evolution in the Era of Big Data
Do Coral Reefs Promote Morphological Diversification? Exploration of Habitat Effects on Labrid Pharyngeal Jaw Evolution in the Era of Big Data
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz103
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Westneat, Mark W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Evans, Kory M.;Williams, Keiffer L.;Westneat, Mark W.
珊瑚礁是一种复杂的海洋栖息地，人们认为它有助于功能特化，加快功能和形态进化的速度。尤其是濑鱼（唇形科），它们在这些珊瑚礁环境中广泛多样化，并进化出适应能力，以进一步开发珊瑚礁特定资源。先前的研究发现，与非礁栖濑鱼相比，礁栖濑鱼表现出更高的功能进化率，从而导致更高的功能变异。在这里，我们使用显微计算机断层扫描形式的高分辨率形态学数据，并采用三维几何形态计量学来量化形状差异，在134种珊瑚礁和非珊瑚礁相关的唇形鱼的下咽牙板中检验了这一假设。我们发现，在形态差异或形状进化速度方面，居住在珊瑚礁的濑鱼与非珊瑚礁相关的濑鱼没有区别。然而，我们发现一些与珊瑚礁相关的物种（如鹦嘴鱼和管嘴鱼）表现出更高的咽颌形状进化速度，并占据了独特的形态空间区域。这些结果表明，虽然珊瑚礁的关联可能提供了专业化和形态多样化的机会，但物种必须仍然能够利用生态机会来入侵新的生态位空间，这些新的入侵可能会促进相关特征的快速形态进化，从而使它们能够利用新的资源。
Coral reefs are complex marine habitats that have been hypothesized to facilitate functional specialization and increased rates of functional and morphological evolution. Wrasses (Labridae: Percomorpha) in particular, have diversified extensively in these coral reef environments and have evolved adaptations to further exploit reef-specific resources. Prior studies have found that reef-dwelling wrasses exhibit higher rates of functional evolution, leading to higher functional variation than in non-reef dwelling wrasses. Here, we examine this hypothesis in the lower pharyngeal tooth plate of 134 species of reef and non-reef-associated labrid fishes using high-resolution morphological data in the form of microcomputed tomography scans and employing three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify shape differences. We find that reef-dwelling wrasses do not differ from non-reef-associated wrasses in morphological disparity or rates of shape evolution. However, we find that some reef-associated species (e.g., parrotfishes and tubelips) exhibit elevated rates of pharyngeal jaw shape evolution and have colonized unique regions of morphospace. These results suggest that while coral reef association may provide the opportunity for specialization and morphological diversification, species must still be able to capitalize on the ecological opportunities to invade novel niche space, and that these novel invasions may prompt rapid rates of morphological evolution in the associated traits that allow them to capitalize on new resources.