A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
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DOI：
10.5194/essd-16-525-2024
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发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
C. Ludemann;Nathaniel S. Wanner;Pauline Chivenge;Achim Dobermann;Rasmus Einarsson;Patricio Grassini;Armelle Gruere;Kevin Jackson;L. Lassaletta;Federico Maggi;Griffiths Obli-Laryea;M. V. van Ittersum;S. Vishwakarma;Xin Zhang;F. Tubiello
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作者：
C. Ludemann;Nathaniel S. Wanner;Pauline Chivenge;Achim Dobermann;Rasmus Einarsson;Patricio Grassini;Armelle Gruere;Kevin Jackson;L. Lassaletta;Federico Maggi;Griffiths Obli-Laryea;M. V. van Ittersum;S. Vishwakarma;Xin Zhang;F. Tubiello
抽象。养分预算有助于确定农业中化肥和其他养分来源的过量或不足使用。它们允许计算指标，如养分平衡（盈余，如果是正数，或赤字，如果是负数）和养分使用效率，这有助于监测世界各地的农业生产力和可持续性。我们提出了一个全球数据库的国家一级的预算估计氮（N），磷（P）和钾（K）的农田。该数据库在粮农统计数据库中传播，旨在提供全球参考，综合并不断更新关于这一专题的最新技术。该数据库涵盖1961年至2020年期间205个国家和地区以及区域和全球总量。结果突出了不同地理区域、不同营养物质和不同时间的营养物质使用和营养物质利用效率的广泛性。在过去的15年中，尽管氮素投入不断增加，但全球农田的平均氮素平衡一直相当稳定，约为50-55 kg ha−1 yr−1。然而，区域趋势显示，最近的平均氮盈余范围从非洲的10千克氮公顷-1年-1到亚洲的90千克氮公顷-1年-1。令人鼓舞的是，全球平均农田氮素利用率从1961年的约59%下降到1988年的43%，但此后又上升到55%的水平。缺磷主要发生在非洲，而缺钾则发生在非洲和美洲。本研究介绍了改进以往的工作中的关键养分系数影响养分收支和养分利用效率的估计，特别是在作物产品，粪肥养分含量，大气沉降和作物生物固氮率的养分去除。最后，我们讨论了未来的研究方向，并强调有必要调整各研究组的统计定义，以及进一步完善植物和牲畜系数，并扩大估计到所有农业用地，包括草地和牧场的养分流动。更多信息可从https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkh获得（Ludemann等人，粮农组织统计数据库（https：//www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ESB;粮农组织，2022 a），每年更新。
Abstract. Nutrient budgets help to identify the excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow for the calculation of indicators, such as the nutrient balance (surplus if positive or deficit if negative) and nutrient use efficiency, that help to monitor agricultural productivity and sustainability across the world. We present a global database of country-level budget estimates for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on cropland. The database, disseminated in FAOSTAT, is meant to provide a global reference, synthesizing and continuously updating the state of the art on this topic. The database covers 205 countries and territories, as well as regional and global aggregates, for the period from 1961 to 2020. Results highlight the wide range in nutrient use and nutrient use efficiencies across geographic regions, nutrients, and time. The average N balance on global cropland has remained fairly steady at about 50–55 kg ha−1 yr−1 during the past 15 years, despite increasing N inputs. Regional trends, however, show recent average N surpluses that range from a low of about 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in Africa to more than 90 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in Asia. Encouragingly, average global cropland N use efficiency decreased from about 59 % in 1961 to a low of 43 % in 1988, but it has risen since then to a level of 55 %. Phosphorus deficits are mainly found in Africa, whereas potassium deficits occur in Africa and the Americas. This study introduces improvements over previous work in relation to the key nutrient coefficients affecting nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency estimates, especially with respect to nutrient removal in crop products, manure nutrient content, atmospheric deposition and crop biological N fixation rates. We conclude by discussing future research directions and highlighting the need to align statistical definitions across research groups as well as to further refine plant and livestock coefficients and expand estimates to all agricultural land, including nutrient flows in meadows and pastures. Further information is available from https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkh (Ludemann et al., 2023b) as well as the FAOSTAT database (https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ESB; FAO, 2022a) and is updated annually.