Sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation effects on dry matter and nitrogen dynamics for durum wheat: An experimental and simulation study
Sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation effects on dry matter and nitrogen dynamics for durum wheat: An experimental and simulation study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2010.03.010
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发表时间：
2010-06-03
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Martre, Pierre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ferrise, Roberto;Triossi, Andrea;Martre, Pierre
通过两个田间试验，研究了播期和施氮量对硬粒小麦灌浆过程中干物质和氮素积累动态及最终籽粒产量和蛋白质浓度的影响。此外，还评价了小麦模拟模型SiriusQuality1对硬质小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质浓度的模拟能力。模型对开花期和灌浆持续期的模拟均方根误差分别为1.7d和2.2d。模型较好地模拟了叶片、茎和籽粒干物质和氮素随播期和施氮量的动态变化。收获籽粒产量和蛋白质浓度的模拟均方根误差分别为0.045 kg DM m(-2)和1.25%。秋播与冬播相比，营养生长期较长，开花期作物干物质和氮素较高，与最终籽粒产量较高有关。与播期或施氮量无关，花后干物质积累对最终籽粒产量的贡献率为70%。花后氮素积累对最终籽粒氮素产量的贡献在25%到40%之间，具体取决于播种期和氮肥施用量。营养体干物质和氮素再动员的效率不受播期和施氮量的影响，平均分别为21%和74%。播期对籽粒干物质产量的影响大于对氮素产量的影响，晚播籽粒蛋白质含量显着高于正常播期。氮肥处理不影响作物物候，但氮肥使作物在营养生长期积累更多的干物质和氮。此外，高氮作物由于其较大的冠层，在灌浆过程中积累了比低氮作物更多的DM和N，从而导致了更高的籽粒产量和收获时的蛋白质浓度。单位面积籽粒数和籽粒产量均与开花期作物干物质和氮素密切相关。单粒干物质不受氮素供应的影响。平均而言，单粒DM在44.2-57.3 mg DM(-1)之间变化。这些变化几乎完全是由开花前15天的平均日最高温度来解释的，这表明子房细胞分裂活跃时期的温度是决定硬粒小麦籽粒最终大小的主要因素。(C)2010爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
The effects of sowing date and nitrogen (N) fertilisation on the dynamics of dry matter (DM) and N accumulation during grain filling and on final grain yield and protein concentration for durum wheat were studied in two field experiments. In addition, the ability of the wheat simulation model SiriusQuality1 to simulate grain yield and protein concentration for durum wheat was evaluated. The model simulated the anthesis date and the grain filling duration with a root mean square error of 1.7 and 2.2 days, respectively. The model simulated reasonably well the changes in the dynamics of leaf, stem and grain DM and N in response to sowing date and N fertilisation. Harvest grain yield and protein concentration were simulated with a root mean square error of 0.045 kg DM m(-2) and 1.25%, respectively. The longer vegetative period with autumn sowing compared with winter sowing resulted in higher crop DM and N at anthesis, which was associated with higher final grain yield. Independently of the sowing date or N fertilisation, post-anthesis DM accumulation contributed 70% to final grain yield. Post-anthesis N accumulation contributed between 25% and 40% to final grain N yield depending on the sowing date and N fertilisation. The efficiency of vegetative DM and N remobilisation was not modified by the sowing date or N fertilisation, averaging 21% and 74%, respectively. Sowing date had larger effects on grain DM yield than on grain N yield and grain protein concentration was significantly higher for the late sowing date than for the normal sowing date. N treatments did not affect crop phenology, but N fertilisation allowed the crops accumulating more DM and N during the vegetative period. In addition, high-N crops, because of their larger canopy, accumulated more DM and N during grain filling than low-N crops, resulting in higher grain yield and protein concentration at harvest. Both grain number per unit ground area and grain yield were closely correlated with crop DM and N at anthesis. Single grain DM was not modified by N availability. Averaged across N treatments, single grain DM varied from 44.2 to 57.3 mg DM grain(-1). These variations were almost entirely accounted for by the mean daily maximum temperature calculated for the 15 days prior to anthesis, suggesting that the temperature during the period of active cell division in the ovary is a major determinant of the final size of durum wheat grains. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.