Marsarchaeota are an aerobic archaeal lineage abundant in geothermal iron oxide microbial mats
Marsarchaeota are an aerobic archaeal lineage abundant in geothermal iron oxide microbial mats
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DOI：
10.1038/s41564-018-0163-1
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
28.3
通讯作者：
Inskeep, William P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jay, Zackary J.;Beam, Jacob P.;Inskeep, William P.
古菌谱系的发现对于我们理解普遍的生命树和地球的进化历史至关重要。黄石国家公园地球化学多样性的热环境为研究可能代表早期地球类似物的栖息地中的古细菌提供了前所未有的机会。在这里，我们报告了门级古菌谱系的发现和表征，该谱系被提出并在本文中被称为“Marsarchaeota”，以红色星球命名。马尔古菌门包含至少两个主要亚群，普遍存在于酸性微需氧地热 Fe(III) 氧化物微生物丛中，温度范围约为 50-80°C。宏基因组学、单细胞测序、富集培养和原位转录分析揭示了它们作为兼性需氧化学有机营养菌的生物地球化学作用，也可能介导 Fe(III) 的还原。对对应于两组Mararchaeota的复制组合的系统基因组分析表明，它们在Crearchaeota和所有其他主要古菌谱系之间分支。对几个 Fe(III) 氧化物垫群落的转录组分析表明，这些生物体正在原位主动转录两种不同的末端氧化酶复合物和包含 F-420 依赖性丁醛分解代谢的基因。火星古菌在地热、微氧 Fe(III) 氧化物垫中的广泛分布表明，相似的生境类型可能在古菌的进化中发挥了重要作用。
The discovery of archaeal lineages is critical to our understanding of the universal tree of life and evolutionary history of the Earth. Geochemically diverse thermal environments in Yellowstone National Park provide unprecedented opportunities for studying archaea in habitats that may represent analogues of early Earth. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a phylum-level archaeal lineage proposed and herein referred to as the 'Marsarchaeota', after the red planet. The Marsarchaeota contains at least two major subgroups prevalent in acidic, microaerobic geothermal Fe(III) oxide microbial mats across a temperature range from similar to 50-80 degrees C. Metagenomics, single-cell sequencing, enrichment culturing and in situ transcriptional analyses reveal their biogeochemical role as facultative aerobic chemoorganotrophs that may also mediate the reduction of Fe(III). Phylogenomic analyses of replicate assemblies corresponding to two groups of Marsarchaeota indicate that they branch between the Crenarchaeota and all other major archaeal lineages. Transcriptomic analyses of several Fe(III) oxide mat communities reveal that these organisms were actively transcribing two different terminal oxidase complexes in situ and genes comprising an F-420-dependent butanal catabolism. The broad distribution of Marsarchaeota in geothermal, microaerobic Fe(III) oxide mats suggests that similar habitat types probably played an important role in the evolution of archaea.