Managed marshes can be good alternatives to natural marshes as breeding habitats for birds
Managed marshes can be good alternatives to natural marshes as breeding habitats for birds
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.105584
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Junyan Wang;Qianyan Zhou;Wei Wu;W. Liang;Qiang Ma;Zhijun Ma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Junyan Wang;Qianyan Zhou;Wei Wu;W. Liang;Qiang Ma;Zhijun Ma
天然潮汐沼泽的丧失导致许多鸟类物种的数量迅速下降，这就提出了一个问题，即管理沼泽是否可以用于鸟类保护。虽然许多研究表明，管理沼泽地可以为鸟类提供一个补充的栖息地，但目前还不清楚管理沼泽地提供的繁殖栖息地与天然沼泽地提供的繁殖栖息地相比如何。比较了崇明东滩天然芦苇沼泽和人工芦苇沼泽（约2 km × 5 km）内东方苇莺（Acrocephalusorientalis）的生境条件（植被和食物）和繁殖性能。我们发现，植被更密集，莺的食物资源更大的管理比自然沼泽。繁殖区的密度，巢密度，窝卵数，卵大小，每巢雏鸟数量都大于在自然沼泽管理。繁殖失败减少管理沼泽，因为减少了巢捕食的风险。然而，在管理沼泽的芦苇上的高位置的巢增加了被强风摧毁的风险。管理沼泽比自然沼泽更好的繁殖性能可以归因于以下因素：在管理沼泽的高和稳定的水位增加芦苇生长和节肢动物繁殖，减少陆地捕食者的访问;茂密的植被有助于隐藏巢捕食者;和人类活动在管理沼泽阻止巢捕食者。结果表明，管理沼泽地可以提供优质的繁殖栖息地的东方苇莺和可能为其他沼泽鸟类，因此可以帮助弥补天然沼泽地的损失。东方苇莺对人工湿地的偏好主要取决于适宜的生境条件。目前的研究强调了保持相对较高和稳定水位的重要性。
Loss of natural tidal marshes has caused rapid population declines for many bird species, raising the question about whether managed marshes can be used for bird conservation. Although many studies have indicated that managed marshes can provide a complementary habitat for birds, it is unclear how the breeding habitats provided by managed marshes compare with those provided by natural marshes. We compared habitat conditions (vegetation and food) and breeding performance of a common reed specialist, the Oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalusorientalis), in natural and managed artificial reed marshes (about 2 km × 5 km) at Chongming Dongtan, an estuarine wetland in China. We found that vegetation was denser and warbler food resources were greater in managed than in natural marshes. The density of breeding territories, nest density, clutch size, egg size, and fledgling number per nest were greater in managed than in natural marshes. Breeding failure was reduced in managed marshes because of a reduced risk of nest predation. However, the high nest position on the reeds in the managed marshes increased the risk of nest destruction by strong wind. The better breeding performance in managed than in natural marshes could be attributed to the following factors: the high and stable water level in the managed marshes increased reed growth and arthropod reproduction and decreased access by terrestrial predators; dense vegetation helped conceal nests from predators; and human activities in the managed marshes deterred nest predators. The results suggest that managed marshes can provide quality breeding habitat for the Oriental reed warbler and probably for other marsh birds and can therefore help compensate for the loss of natural marshes. The preference of the Oriental reed warbler for managed marshes largely depends on the suitable habitat conditions. The current study highlights the importance of maintaining a relatively high and stable water level.