Reducing motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries in newly motorising countries
Reducing motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries in newly motorising countries
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1142
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发表时间：
2002-05-11
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mohan, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Neill, B;Mohan, D
美国是第一个因机动车事故造成大量伤亡的国家。随着其他国家实现机动化，它们也经历了大量的车祸死亡和受伤事件。解决这一问题的早期努力主要基于猜测，主要重点是对驾驶者进行教育。这种简单而狭隘的方法持续了几十年，尽管事故死亡和受伤的人数持续增加。 120 世纪 60 年代，美国和其他机动化国家出现了解决这一问题的公共卫生方法。在这种新方法下，可用的预防方案大大扩展，并且在广泛采用之前对对策的有效性进行了科学评估。对评估的重视很重要，因为早期的努力持续了数十年而没有进行评估，并且当其中一些计划最终进行评估时，没有证据表明其有效性。 2
The United States was the first country to experience deaths and injuries from motor vehicle crashes in large numbers. As other countries motorised, they, too, experienced large numbers of crash deaths and injuries. Early efforts to address this problem were based largely on guesswork, with the principal focus on educating motorists. This simplistic and narrow approach continued for decades, even though the numbers of crash deaths and injuries continued to grow. 1In the 1960s a public health approach to the problem emerged in the United States and other motorised countries. Under this new approach, the available prevention options greatly expanded, and the effectiveness of countermeasures was scientifically evaluated before widespread adoption. This emphasis on evaluation was important because the earlier efforts continued for decades without evaluation, and when some of these programmes were eventually evaluated there was no evidence of effectiveness. 2