Biological and behavioural determinants of fertility in Bangladesh: 1975-1989.
Biological and behavioural determinants of fertility in Bangladesh: 1975-1989.
复制标题
孟加拉国生育力的生物和行为决定因素：1975-1989 年。
DOI：
10.18356/a538a363-en
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Islam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Islam;M. Islam
对1975年和1989年孟加拉国生育率调查的数据进行了分析，以衡量生育率最重要的直接决定因素对生育率的抑制作用。总生育率从6.33下降到5.12，但仍然很高。1975年至1989年期间，避孕普及率从7.7%上升到31%。平均结婚年龄从12.3岁提高到14.8岁，大大低于18岁的最低法律的年龄。童婚在农村地区仍然很普遍。尽管哺乳期不孕对生育力的抑制作用最大（1975年为68.5%，1989年为41.8%），但避孕是1975年至1989年生育力显著下降的原因。事实上，在1975年至1989年期间，避孕从第三位上升到第二位（生育抑制作用，9.9- 35.4%）。如果结婚年龄不继续提高，避孕将成为最重要的决定因素。此外，70%的避孕普及率将使孟加拉国到2005年达到更替水平的生育率。这些调查结果表明，如果孟加拉国努力提高妇女，特别是农村妇女的结婚年龄，提高避孕药具使用的质量和数量，提供一种能够满足夫妇维持目前业绩水平的需要的避孕方法组合，并通过强调母乳喂养的成本和健康效益来促进母乳喂养的更长时间，那么生育率可以进一步下降。
An analysis of data from the 1975 and 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Surveys was conducted to measure the fertility-inhibiting effect of the most significant proximate determinants of fertility. The total fertility rate fell from 6.33 to 5.12, but was still quite high. The contraceptive prevalence rate grew from 7.7% to 31% between 1975 and 1989. The mean age at marriage increased from 12.3 years to 14.8 years, which was considerably lower than the minimum legal age of 18 years. Childhood marriages remained common in rural areas. Even though lactational infecundability had the greatest fertility-inhibiting effect (68.5% in 1975 and 41.8% in 1989), contraception was responsible for the significant decrease in fertility between 1975 and 1989. In fact, between 1975 and 1989, contraception moved from the 3rd to the 2nd most important proximate determinant (fertility inhibiting effect, 9.9- 35.4%). If age at marriage does not keep increasing, contraception will become the most significant determinant. Further, a contraceptive prevalence of 70% would allow Bangladesh to achieve replacement level fertility by 2005. These findings suggest that fertility can decline further, if Bangladesh implements efforts to increase the marriage age of women, particularly rural women, to improve the quality and expand the quantity of contraceptive use to provide a contraceptive method mix which can meet the needs of couples to maintain current performance levels, and to promote longer duration of breast feeding by emphasizing its cost and health benefits.