The neck injury criterion: future considerations
The neck injury criterion: future considerations
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4575(01)00020-3
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Haneline, MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Croft, AC;Herring, P;Haneline, MT
在西方国家，颈部扭伤的费用--无论是医疗和残疾的费用，还是人类的痛苦--都相当高。从公共卫生和一般社会的角度来看，这一点特别令人感兴趣，因为这种疾病在理论上是可以预防的：至少可以将其减少到最低限度。这可以通过碰撞预防策略和车辆安全设计的改进来实现-特别是通过更有效的座椅靠背和头枕系统。Bostrom等人提出了颈部损伤标准（NIC），旨在为这一领域的安全性研究制定一个金标准。在1996年（Bostrom O.，马里兰州斯文森，奥德曼，B。等，1996.在：国际会议上的生物力学的影响，都柏林，爱尔兰）。该标准考虑了颈椎底部（T1）和顶部（C1）之间的相对水平加速度和速度，基于当前文献具有表面有效性。然而，NIC在其对人类乘员伤害的代表性方面仍然没有经过严格的科学调查或验证。这种调查应特别考虑，首先，NIC是否为所有潜在的颈部损伤提供了适当的替代，其次，建议的阈值15 m（2）/s（2）是否是所述目标的适当水平。基于对最近文献的回顾、惠勒等人最近进行的人类志愿者碰撞测试以及圣地亚哥脊柱研究所的那些，并且基于对第一个真实的世界碰撞脉冲数据的数学MADYMO分析，似乎普通人群中的急性损伤阈值可能需要降低最初提出的NIC值和附加参数，例如考虑向前回弹阶段或颈部伸展标准可能是必要的。本文的结论应该被认为是初步的，因为碰撞测试对象和真实的伤害受害者的数量不允许进行严格的统计分析。当然，目前的工作将是必要的，以调查这一进一步和更大规模的分析更多的机载坠毁数据将被证明是宝贵的。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
The cost of whiplash injuries - both in dollars spent for medical care and disability, and in terms of human suffering - are quite high in westernized nations. This is of particular interest both from a public health perspective and a general societal one because the disorder is theoretically preventable: in the very least it can be minimized. This can be achieved with crash prevention strategies and improvements in vehicle safety design - especially with more effective seat back and head restraint systems. Toward the goal of developing a gold standard for safety research in this area, a neck injury criterion (NIC) was proposed by Bostrom et at. in 1996 (Bostrom O., Svennson, M.Y., Aldman, B. et at., 1996. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Dublin, Ireland). This criterion considers the relative horizontal acceleration and velocity between the bottom (T1) and top (C1) of the cervical spine and has face validity based on current literature. However, the NIC has still not been subjected to rigorous scientific investigation or validation in terms of its representativeness of human occupant injury. Such investigation should specifically consider, first, whether the NIC provides an adequate proxy for all potential neck injuries due to whiplash and, secondly, whether the proposed threshold value of 15 m(2)/s(2) is an appropriate level for the stated goal. Based on a review of recent literature, recent human volunteer crash tests by Wheeler et al. and the those of the Spine Research Institute of San Diego, and based on mathematical MADYMO analysis of the first real world crash pulse data, it appears that the threshold for acute injury in the general population is likely to require a lowering of the originally proposed NIC value, and additional parameters, such as considering a forward rebound phase or neck extension criteria may be necessary. The conclusions of this paper should be considered preliminary because the numbers of crash test subjects and real world injury victims does not allow for rigorous statistical analysis. Certainly, ongoing work will be necessary to investigate this further and larger scale analysis of more onboard crash data will prove invaluable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.