Parasitism increases and decreases the costs of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes
Parasitism increases and decreases the costs of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01680.x
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Michalakis, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Agnew, P;Berticat, C;Michalakis, Y
对外源物质(抗生素、杀虫剂、除草剂等)产生抗药性的适应在没有选择剂的情况下，往往对有机体的适合性造成昂贵的影响。在这种情况下，除非其他突变弥补了抗药性的成本，否则敏感个体的繁殖能力将超过抗药性个体，并将抗药性等位基因的频率降低到较低的水平，这种下降的速度和幅度与抗药性的成本成正比。然而，这种进化动态是开放的，可以由其他选择来源根据敏感和抗性个体的相对适合度进行修改。在这里，我们展示了寄生不仅是一种能够改变蚊子对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的成本的选择来源，而且还表明，根据所涉及的特定抗性形式，发生了质的不同的相互作用(增加或减少抗药性个体的相对适合度)。由于对寄生虫适合度的估计也因宿主的耐药性形式而异，我们的数据表明，流行病学反馈可能会影响在未经处理的环境中对耐药性突变作用的选择的强度和方向。
Adaptations conferring resistance to xenobiotics (antibiotics, insecticides, herbicides, etc.) are often costly to the organism's fitness in the absence of the selecting agent. In such conditions, and unless other mutations compensate for the costs of resistance, sensitive individuals are expected to out-reproduce resistant individuals and drive resistance alleles to a low frequency, with the rate and magnitude of this decline being proportional to the costs of resistance. However, this evolutionary dynamic is open to modification by other sources of selection acting on the relative fitness of susceptible and resistant individuals. Here we show parasitism not only as a source of selection capable of modifying the costs of organophosphate insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, but also that qualitatively different interactions (increasing or decreasing the relative fitness of resistant individuals) occurred depending on the particular form of resistance involved. As estimates of the parasite's fitness also varied according to its host's form of resistance, our data illustrate the potential for epidemiological feedbacks to influence the strength and direction of selection acting on resistance mutations in untreated environments.