Evaluation of green-cane harvesting and crop management with a trash-blanket
Evaluation of green-cane harvesting and crop management with a trash-blanket
复制标题
使用垃圾毯评估青甘蔗收获和作物管理
作者：
O. Núñez;E. Spaans
为了评估厄瓜多尔圣卡洛斯糖厂青蔗收获的可行性，对从燃烧甘蔗收获改为青蔗收获时可能受到影响的农艺参数进行了评估。两个部位用手收获绿色，并与两个相邻部位进行比较，这两个部位也是手动收获但被烧毁的。人工，绿色甘蔗收割被认为是不可行的圣卡洛斯厂由于禁止增加收割成本所造成的生产力下降的68%的领域劳动力。随后，用机械收割机进行了一项实验，比较了6个被砍成绿色的地点和另外6个相邻的在收割前被烧毁的地点。在机械化收获时，机器生产率降低了43%，输送的甘蔗中的杂质含量增加了38%。绿色甘蔗收获的几个优点，然而，被发现。机械收获后留在田间的作物残留物的质量显着更大的绿色收获（17.31吨/公顷）相比，燃烧处理（3.7吨/公顷）。残留物中P、K含量基本相同，但绿色收获残留物中N含量（0.85%）显著高于焚烧残留物（0.55%）。此外，在青蔗收获后，除草成本降低了35%，灌溉成本降低了10%。虽然蔗糖回收率没有受到影响，但没有足够的数据来得出关于甘蔗产量的有效结论。在考虑了所有监测参数的影响后，经济分析目前倾向于焚烧甘蔗收获。相反，我们认为，如果实现更好的垃圾提取，如果垃圾毯的营养循环量化，平衡将有利于绿色收获。有必要继续对机械化青蔗收获进行评估，以了解其有利条件，并评估其对土壤健康和甘蔗产量的长期影响。
To evaluate the feasibility of green-cane harvest at San Carlos Sugar Mill in Ecuador, the agronomic parameters that may be affected when changing from burned to green-cane harvest were evaluated. Two sites were harvested green by hand and compared with two adjacent sites that were also harvested manually but burned. Manual, green-cane harvesting was found to be not feasible for San Carlos Mill due to the prohibitive increase in harvesting cost caused by the reduction in productivity of 68% of the field labourers. Subsequently, an experiment was undertaken with mechanical harvesters, comparing six sites that were cut green and another six adjacent sites that were burned before harvest. In mechanical greencane harvest, the machine productivity was reduced by 43% and the trash content in the delivered cane was higher by 38%. Several advantages of the green-cane harvest were, however, found. The mass of crop residues that remained in the field after mechanical harvest was significantly larger under green harvesting (17.31 t/ha) when compared to the burned treatment (3.7 t/ha). The contents of P and K in the residues were the same, but N content in the green harvest residues (0.85%) was significantly higher than in the burned residues (0.55%). In addition, after green-cane harvest, the cost of weed control was reduced by 35% and of irrigation by 10%. While sucrose recovery was not affected, insufficient data were available to draw valid conclusions on cane yield. After considering the impact of all the parameters that were monitored, economic analysis currently favours burned-cane harvest. Conversely, we believe that if better trash-extraction was achieved and if the nutrient recycling of the trash blanket was quantified, the balance would tip in favour of green harvest. It is necessary to continue the evaluation of mechanical green-cane harvest to understand the conditions under which it is favourable and to assess its long-term effects on soil health and cane yield.