Child Protective Services Decision-Making: The Role of Children's Race and County Factors
Child Protective Services Decision-Making: The Role of Children's Race and County Factors
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DOI：
10.1037/ort0000388
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Dillard, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maguire-Jack, Kathryn;Font, Sarah A.;Dillard, Rebecca
目前的研究调查了种族和县的特点在实质和家庭外安置决定在美国的作用。使用多层模型，我们分析了通过国家儿童虐待和忽视数据系统和收养和寄养分析和报告系统提供的来自美国各县的数据，以调查儿童种族与其生活环境之间的相互作用。我们的样本完全由病例已调查过的儿童组成；因此，我们能够将重点放在种族和县特征在儿童保护服务机构做出的证实和家庭外安置决定中所起的作用上，消除了导致报告率不同的高风险因素（或潜在偏见）。根据州和县的调查，黑人、美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民和多种族儿童比白人（非西班牙裔）儿童更有可能被证实或被安置在家庭外，而亚洲儿童则不太可能被证实或被安置在家庭外。值得注意的是，当考虑到人口和地理差异时，群体之间的差异要小得多。较高的县级贫困率、黑人居民的百分比和青少年被捕率与被调查儿童的证实和离家安置的可能性较低有关，而单亲家庭的百分比较高与这两种结果的可能性较高有关。我们还发现，生活在农村县与更大的证实可能性有关，但与家庭外安置的可能性较低有关。在这些关联中发现了重要的种族差异。
The current study investigates the role of race and county characteristics in substantiation and out-of-home placement decisions in the United States. Using multilevel models, we analyzed data from counties in the United States available through the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data Systems and Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System to investigate the interactions between children's race and the context in which they live. Our sample consisted exclusively of children whose cases had been investigated; therefore, we were able to focus on the role played by race and county characteristics in substantiation and out-of-home placement decisions made by Child Protective Services, net of the heightened risk factors (or potential biases) that lead to disparate rates of reporting. Adjusting for state and county of investigation, Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and multiracial children were more likely than White (non-Hispanic) children to be substantiated or placed out of home, whereas Asian children were less likely to be substantiated or placed out of home. Notably, differences across groups are far smaller in magnitude when demographic and geographic differences are taken into account. Higher county-level poverty, percentages of Black residents, and juvenile arrest rates were associated with lower odds of substantiation and out-of-home placement among investigated children, whereas an elevated percentage of single-headed households was associated with higher odds of both outcomes. We also found that living in a rural county was associated with greater odds of substantiation but lower odds of out-of-home placement. Important differences by race were found for these associations.