The devoted actor's will to fight and the spiritual dimension of human conflict
The devoted actor's will to fight and the spiritual dimension of human conflict
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DOI：
10.1038/s41562-017-0193-3
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Atran, Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gomez, Angel;Lopez-Rodriguez, Lucia;Atran, Scott
针对伊斯兰国(ISIL或ISIS)战斗人员的前线调查，结合多项在线研究，解决了在群体间冲突中战斗和死亡的意愿。一般的重点是人类冲突的非功利性方面，战斗人员自己认为这些冲突是“神圣的”或“精神的”，无论是世俗的还是宗教的。为了更好地理解人们愿意做出代价高昂的牺牲，我们在这里调查了一个理论框架的两个关键组成部分--神圣的价值观和与一个群体的身份融合，我们称之为“忠诚的参与者”。我们揭示了三个关键因素：对不可谈判的神圣价值观和行为者完全融合的群体的承诺；愿意为了这些价值观而放弃亲属；以及认为内部群体与敌人之间的精神力量比相对物质力量更重要。我们直接将表达的行动意愿与行为联系起来，以遏制极端冲突中的决定是由成本效益计算驱动的说法，这可能有助于为共同防御的政策决定提供信息。
Frontline investigations with fighters against the Islamic State (ISIL or ISIS), combined with multiple online studies, address willingness to fight and die in intergroup conflict. The general focus is on non-utilitarian aspects of human conflict, which combatants themselves deem 'sacred' or 'spiritual', whether secular or religious. Here we investigate two key components of a theoretical framework we call 'the devoted actor'-sacred values and identity fusion with a group-to better understand people's willingness to make costly sacrifices. We reveal three crucial factors: commitment to non-negotiable sacred values and the groups that the actors are wholly fused with; readiness to forsake kin for those values; and perceived spiritual strength of ingroup versus foes as more important than relative material strength. We directly relate expressed willingness for action to behaviour as a check on claims that decisions in extreme conflicts are driven by cost-benefit calculations, which may help to inform policy decisions for the common defense.