PROPRIOCEPTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF TENDON VIBRATION DURING MOVEMENT
PROPRIOCEPTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF TENDON VIBRATION DURING MOVEMENT
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1675
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发表时间：
1995-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
KERR, GK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CORDO, P;GURFINKEL, VS;KERR, GK
1.以前的研究利用肌腱振动来研究等长肢体的运动错觉和运动肢体的终点控制。这些以前的研究表明，振动会扭曲对静态关节角度和运动的感知，并在运动终点造成系统误差。在这篇文章中，我们描述了当受试者执行适当的协调运动任务时，运动过程中肌腱振动的影响。在早期的研究中，我们发现中枢神经系统协调这一运动任务--一个运动序列--与肢体的动态位置和速度有关的本体感觉信息。在执行这一动作序列时，每个受试者都坐在桌子旁，打开右手，右肘在伸展方向上被动旋转，穿过指定的目标角度。手臂的视觉被阻止，移动速度在一次又一次的试验中被随机改变，使得本体感觉成为执行任务的唯一有用的运动学信息来源。在随机发生的试验中，振动被施加到二头肌的肌腱上，这是一种在肘部伸展时延长的肌肉。在一些实验中，肌腱振动的时间随着肘关节旋转的开始而变化，而在另一些实验中，振动的频率是不同的。在每个实验中，我们比较了在有肌腱振动的试验中受试者反应的准确性(即受试者张开手的肘角)与在没有肌腱振动的试验中的准确性。肌腱振动的效果取决于振动的频率。当二头肌腱以20赫兹的频率振动时，受试者在肘部超过目标角度后张开手。过冲与低估肘部的实际位移或速度是一致的。30赫兹的振动对手部张开时的肘角影响很小或没有影响。40赫兹的振动会导致受试者在肘部到达目标角度之前张开手。欠拍与高估肘部的实际位移或速度是一致的。误差的大小取决于被动施加的肘关节旋转的速度。肌腱振动的效果还取决于振动的时机。如果40赫兹的振动在运动开始时开始，受试者就会低于目标。如果40赫兹的振动在运动开始前5a开始，并在整个运动中持续，则下冲误差的幅度会增加。然而，如果40赫兹的振动在运动开始前开始，然后在运动开始时停止，则受试者超出了目标。当在运动过程中关闭振动时，在依赖于肘部旋转速度的时间内，发生了从过冲误差到下冲误差的转变。在另一项单独的实验中，受试者被指示通过主动旋转左肘来匹配感知到的动态位置或施加在右肘上的感知旋转速度。在这两个匹配任务中，肌腱振动产生的误差与振动的频率相反。20赫兹的振动产生肘部速度减慢的感觉和屈曲方向动态位置的偏差，而40赫兹的振动产生相反的感觉。肌腱振动激活的肌梭传入是中枢神经系统协调这一运动序列任务所使用的动态位置和速度信息的重要来源。观察到的振动时机和频率的影响表明，振动引起的知觉变化不能用运动和振动引起的感觉输入的简单总和来解释。相反，振动产生的知觉偏差似乎与肌梭传入中振动和运动诱发的活动之间的差异有关。
1. Previous studies have used tendon vibration to investigate kinesthetic illusions in the isometric limb and end point control in the moving limb. These previous studies have shown that vibration distorts the perceptions of static joint angle and movement and causes systematic errors in the end point of movement. In this paper we describe the effects of tendon vibration during movement while human subjects performed a proprioceptively coordinated motor task. In an earlier study we showed that the CNS coordinates this motor task-a movement sequence-with proprioceptive information related to the dynamic position and velocity of the limb.2. When performing this movement sequence, each subject sat at a table and opened the right hand as the right elbow was passively rotated in the extension direction through a prescribed target angle. Vision of the arm was prevented, and the movement velocity was changed randomly from trial to trial, leaving proprioception as the only useful source of kinematic information with which to perform the task.3. In randomly occurring trials, vibration was applied to the tendon of the biceps brachii, a muscle that lengthens during elbow extension. In some experiments the timing of tendon vibration was varied with respect to the onset of elbow rotation, and in other experiments the frequency of vibration was varied. In each experiment we compared the accuracy of the subject's response (i.e., the elbow angle at which the subject opened the hand) in trials with tendon vibration with the accuracy in trials without tendon vibration.4. The effect of tendon vibration depended on the frequency of vibration. When the biceps tendon was vibrated at 20 Hz, subjects opened the hand after the elbow passed through the target angle (''overshooting''). Overshooting is consistent with an underestimate of the actual displacement or velocity of the elbow. Vibration at 30 Hz had Little or no effect on the elbow angle at hand opening. Vibration at 40 Hz caused subjects to open the hand before the elbow reached the target angle (''undershooting''). Undershooting is consistent with an overestimate of the actual displacement or velocity of the elbow. The size of the error depended on the velocity of the passively imposed elbow rotation.5. The effect of tendon vibration also depended on the timing of vibration. If 40-Hz vibration began at the onset of movement, the subject undershot the target. If 40-Hz vibration started 5 a before movement onset and continued throughout the movement, the undershoot error increased in magnitude. However, if 40-Hz vibration started 5 s before movement onset and then stopped at movement onset, the subject overshot the target. When vibration was shut off during movement, a transition occurred from an overshooting error to an undershooting error at a time that depended on the velocity of elbow rotation.6. In a separate experiment, subjects were instructed to match either the perceived dynamic position or the perceived velocity of rotation imposed on the right elbow by actively rotating the left elbow. In both matching tasks, tendon vibration produced oppositely directed errors depending on the frequency of vibration. Vibration at 20 Hz produced a perception of decreased elbow velocity and a bias in dynamic position in the flexion direction, and vibration at 40 Hz produced the opposite perceptions.7. We conclude that muscle spindle afferents, which are activated by tendon vibration, are an important source of the dynamic position and velocity information that the CNS uses to coordinate this movement sequence task. The observed effects of vibration timing and frequency suggest that perceptual changes evoked by vibration cannot be explained by the simple summation of sensory input evoked by movement and by vibration. Rather, the bias in perception produced by vibration appears to be related to the difference between vibration- and movement-evoked activity in muscle spindle afferents.