The ups and downs of temporal orienting: a review of auditory temporal orienting studies and a model associating the heterogeneous findings on the auditory N1 with opposite effects of attention and prediction.
The ups and downs of temporal orienting: a review of auditory temporal orienting studies and a model associating the heterogeneous findings on the auditory N1 with opposite effects of attention and prediction.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00263
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Lange K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lange K
注意的时间定向是指将（神经）资源集中在特定时间点以促进对感觉事件的处理和反应的过程。时间注意通过改变不同时间点事件的任务相关性或诱导事件发生在特定时间点的预期来操纵。值得注意的是，这些操作在早期处理阶段的电生理相关性是不相同的：通过任务相关性操作时间注意的听觉研究一致发现早期感觉处理的增强，如听觉事件相关电位（ERP）的N1分量所示。相比之下，先前基于预期的时间定向研究结果喜忧参半：早期的感觉处理要么增强，要么减弱，要么根本不受影响。在目前的工作中，我将审查现有的研究结果的时间定向，特别关注的听觉模态，并提出了一个工作模型，以调和以前的异构结果。具体来说，我认为，当期望被用来操纵注意力时，这将导致注意力的定向，并产生对即将发生的事件的精确预测。注意力和预测被认为对早期听觉处理有相反的影响，随着时间注意力的增加和时间预测的减少，相关的ERP相关，听觉N1。因此，通过诱导期望来操纵时间定向的研究的异质性结果可能是注意力和预测过程的相对贡献差异的结果。该模型的预测将在将听觉N1作为注意力唤起信号的功能解释的背景下进行讨论，正如最近的听觉处理模型中所提出的那样。
The temporal orienting of attention refers to the process of focusing (neural) resources on a particular time point in order to boost the processing of and the responding to sensory events. Temporal attention is manipulated by varying the task-relevance of events at different time points or by inducing expectations that an event occurs at a particular time point. Notably, the electrophysiological correlates of these manipulations at early processing stages are not identical: Auditory studies operationalizing temporal attention through task-relevance consistently found enhancements of early, sensory processing, as shown in the N1 component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP). By contrast, previous work on temporal orienting based on expectations showed mixed results: early, sensory processing was either enhanced or attenuated or not affected at all. In the present work, I will review existing findings on temporal orienting with a special focus on the auditory modality and present a working model to reconcile the previously heterogeneous results. Specifically, I will suggest that when expectations are used to manipulate attention, this will lead both to an orienting of attention and to the generation of precise predictions about the upcoming event. Attention and prediction are assumed to have opposite effects on early auditory processing, with temporal attention increasing and temporal predictions decreasing the associated ERP correlate, the auditory N1. The heterogeneous findings of studies manipulating temporal orienting by inducing expectations may thus be the consequence of differences in the relative contribution of attention and prediction processes. The model's predictions will be discussed in the context of a functional interpretation of the auditory N1 as an attention call signal, as presented in a recent model on auditory processing.
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