Satisfaction in interpersonal interactions as a function of similarity in level of dysphoria.
Satisfaction in interpersonal interactions as a function of similarity in level of dysphoria.
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.58.5.823
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发表时间：
1990-05
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
K. Locke;L. Horowitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Locke;L. Horowitz
这项研究比较了烦躁和非烦躁的男性和女性本科生与同一性别的烦躁或非烦躁本科生交谈时的情况。受试者在每轮谈话后评价他们对谈话的满意度。结果表明，同质二分体（i~.，双方都烦躁不安或双方都不烦躁）对互动更满意，并且随着对话的进行，他们的满意度也在增加。混合型的人不太满意，他们觉得对方更冷漠，谈论的话题也越来越消极。因此，与其他研究表明相似性会导致喜欢的结果雅阁，决定性因素既不是被试的情绪，也不是伴侣的情绪，而是他们在情绪上的相似性。抑郁症是一种轻微的抑郁状态，大多数人都会时不时地经历。焦虑和人际互动可能相互影响，两者对个体的幸福感都很重要（科茨和温斯顿，1983;霍洛维茨和维特库斯，1986）;因此，了解焦虑和人际互动如何相互影响是很重要的。本文探讨了两个互动个体的烦躁程度如何影响他们对互动的满意度和对彼此的评价。以前关于消极情绪与人际关系的研究主要集中在更严重的抑郁症上。通常，在这些研究中，受试者暴露于有或没有表现出抑郁症状的人，并评估了对目标人的各种反应。这些研究表明，人们发现与抑郁症患者的互动是令人厌恶的。这一结果已在各种实验环境中观察到。在一些研究中，受试者通过电话与门诊病人交谈（Coyne，1976 a）或听住院病人的录音带（博斯韦尔和默里，1981年）;在其他研究中，受试者观看了一个伪装者的录像带（Amstutz & Kaplan，1987; Gurtman，1987）或与伪装者互动（Hammen & Peters，1978; Howes & Hokanson，1979; Marks & Hammen，1982; Stephens，Hokanson，& Welker，1987）;在另外一些实验中，受试者阅读描述假设人物的文字记录（Goflib & Beatty，1985; Hammen & Peters，1977; Winer，Bonnet，Blaney，& Murray，1981）。
This study compared dysphoric and nondysphoric male and female undergraduates as they conversed with dysphoric or nondysphoric undergraduatesofthe same sex. Subjects rated their satisfaction with the conversation after each turn. The results showed that people in homogeneous dyads (i~., both partners were dysphoric or both partners were nondysphoric) were more satisfied with the interaction, and their satisfaction increased as the conversation proceeded. People in mixed dyads were less satisfied, perceived each other as colder, and spoke about increasingly negative topics. Thus, in accord with other research showing that similarity leads to liking, the crucial determinant of interactional satisfaction was neither the mood of the subject nor the mood of the partner, but their similarity in mood. Dysphoria is a state of mild depression that most people experience from time to time. Dysphoria and interpersonal interactions may have a reciprocal effect on each other, and both may be important for an individual's sense of well-being (Coates & Winston, 1983; Horowitz & Vitkus, 1986); it is therefore important to understand how dysphoria and interpersonal interactions affect each other. This article examines how the level of dysphoria of two interacting individuals influences their satisfaction with the interaction and their evaluations of one another. Previous research relating negative moods to interpersonal relations has focused on more severe depressions. Typically, in these studies subjects were exposed to persons who were or were not exhibiting signs of depression, and various reactions to the target person were assessed. These studies have indicated that people find interactions with depressed people to be aversive. This result has been observed in a variety of experimental contexts. In some studies, subjects conversed with outpatients over a telephone (Coyne, 1976a) or listened to audiotapes of inpatients (Boswell & Murray, 1981); in other studies, subjects watched videotapes of a dissimulator (Amstutz & Kaplan, 1987; Gurtman, 1987) or interacted with a dissimulator (Hammen & Peters, 1978; Howes & Hokanson, 1979; Marks & Hammen, 1982; Stephens, Hokanson, & Welker, 1987); in still others, subjects read transcripts describing hypothetical persons (Goflib & Beatty, 1985; Hammen & Peters, 1977; Winer, Bonnet, Blaney, & Murray, 1981).