The neurosecretory neuron in neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms.
The neurosecretory neuron in neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms.
复制标题
神经内分泌调节机制中的神经分泌神经元。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1967
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Scharrer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Scharrer
概要。神经分泌神经元在动物界的广泛存在表明其具有基本而特殊的功能意义。对这种不寻常细胞类型的需求的解释在于，它在神经系统和内分泌系统之间形成了联系，而神经系统和内分泌系统的功能相互依赖性构成了动物世界调节机制有效性的基础。这两个集成系统以不同的方式发挥作用。具有双重特征的神经分泌细胞，以及单独的细胞，似乎能够接收“神经”语言的信息，并以改良的“内分泌”语言将该信息传递给腺细胞。神经分泌神经元在神经内分泌相互作用中占据中心位置，不仅因为它适合与内分泌器官进行通信，而且因为它作为一个单一通道（“最终共同路径”，E. Scharrer，1965），通过该通道，大量传入刺激经过处理后被引导到各种内分泌中转站，从而对其效应器器官施加控制。内分泌研究进展中最丰富的概念之一是与调节机制有关的器官的功能相互依赖性。有异论。在生理条件下，在?各个内分泌腺体并不是自主发挥作用，而是作为不断变化的事件序列中的一个环节。总的来说，这些腺体构成了内分泌装置，是内分泌装置中的两个装置之一。高等生物的整体器官系统。环境刺激影响en？教义系统通过神经到达它吗？我们的设备，两个系统中的另一个？沟通的方式。它由无数的链接（神经元链）组成，这是众所周知的，无需讨论。然而，直到最近人们才充分认识到神经系统和内分泌系统之间存在高度的相互依赖性。然而，情况不可能是别的，因为同时针对给定效应器官的异质指令，为了完全“有效”，不能相互矛盾。两个综合系统在协调身体自主调节时相互沟通的方式，以及这种组合活动的结果，构成了神经内分泌学。这个年轻但迅速扩张的迪斯？ cipline 包含相互交互的许多方面（参见 Scharrer 和 Scharrer，
Synopsis. The widespread occurrence of neurosecretory neurons in the animal kingdom suggests a functional significance that is basic and special. The explanation of the need for this unusual cell type lies in the fact that it forms a link between the nervous and the endocrine systems whose functional interdependence forms the basis for the effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms in the animal world. These two integrative systems function in different ways. The neurosecretory cell, with its dual characteristics, and this cell alone, seems capable of receiving messages in "neural" language, and of transmitting this information in modified "endocrine" language to glandular cells. The neurosecretory neuron occupies a central position in neuroendocrine interactions, not only because it is geared for communication with the endocrine apparatus, but because it serves as a singular channel ("final common path," E. Scharrer, 1965) through which a multitude of afferent stimuli, after being processed, are channeled to a variety of endocrine way stations and thus exert control over their effector organs. One of the most fertile concepts in the progress of endocrine research has been that of the functional interdependence of organs concerned with regulatory mech? anisms. Under physiological conditions, in? dividual glands of internal secretion do not function autonomously, but rather as links in an ever-changing sequence of events. In their entirety, these glands constitute the endocrine apparatus, one of the two in? tegrative organ systems of higher organisms. Environmental stimuli affecting the en? docrine system reach it by way of the nerv? ous apparatus, the other of the two sys? tems of communication. Its makeup of innumerable links (neuron chains) is too well known to require discussion. What has not been fully appreciated, however, until very recently is the high degree of mutual interdependence that exists between the nervous and the endocrine systems. And yet, the situation could not be otherwise, because heterogeneous directives aimed at a given effector organ simultaneously, in order to be "effective" at all, must not contradict each other. The manner in which the two integrative systems communicate with each other in coordinating the body's autonomic adjustments, and the outcome of this combined activity, constitute Neuroendocrinology. This young, but rapidly expanding dis? cipline encompasses many facets of mutual interacfion (see Scharrer and Scharrer,