CHRONIC STRESS MODULATES NEURAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES DURING REVERSAL LEARNING
CHRONIC STRESS MODULATES NEURAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES DURING REVERSAL LEARNING
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.014
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发表时间：
2011-10-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Yamada, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohira, H.;Matsunaga, M.;Yamada, J.
动物研究表明，慢性应激会使认知策略从灵活的目标导向行为转变为简单而僵化的习惯行为。此外，与目标导向行为相关的前额叶皮层和背内侧纹状体的应激性萎缩和对习惯行为至关重要的背外侧纹状体的肥大与慢性应激对行为的影响是平行的。目前的研究通过分析慢性应激对神经和心血管反应的影响来测试这些先前在动物研究中的发现是否适用于人类，这可能对采取适当行动很重要。20名处于低或高慢性工作压力下的健康男性进行了一项随机逆向学习任务，该任务要求认知灵活性和目标导向行为。在任务期间使用（15）o -水正电子发射断层扫描评估区域脑血流量，并测量血压和心率等心血管参数。在逆向学习任务中，低慢性工作压力的参与者在尾状核前、眶额叶皮层、腹外侧前额叶皮层、脑岛和中脑表现出可能与目标导向行为相关的活动，而高慢性工作压力的参与者在这些区域没有表现出活动。此外，高慢性工作压力的参与者在舒张压方面表现出较低的反应性，这可能与前扣带皮层活动有关。这些发现与先前的研究一致，表明慢性工作压力与人类大脑中与目标导向行为相关的区域活动减少和不敏感的生理反应有关。(c) 2011 ibro。Elsevier Ltd.出版。版权所有。
Animal studies have revealed that chronic stress shifts cognitive strategies from the flexible goal-directed action to the simple and rigid habit action. In addition, stress-induced atrophy in the prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum which are involved in the goal-directed action and hypertrophy of the dorsolateral striatum which is critical for the habit action were parallel with the effects of chronic stress on behaviors. The present study tested whether these previous findings in animal studies are compatible in humans by analyzing effects of chronic stress on neural and cardiovascular responses, which are likely important for performing appropriate actions. Twenty healthy men exposed to low or high chronic job stress performed a stochastic reversal learning task, which required cognitive flexibility and the goal-directed action. Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated during the task using (15)O-water positron emission tomography, and cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. During the reversal learning task, whereas participants with low chronic job stress exhibited activity in the anterior caudate, as well as orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and midbrain, which might be related to the goal-directed action, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited no activity in such brain regions. Furthermore, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited less reactivity in diastolic blood pressure, which might be mediated by anterior cingulate cortical activity. These findings, in line with previous studies, suggested that chronic job stress correlates with less activity in brain regions related to the goal-directed action, and insensitive physiological responses in humans. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.