Enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation reactions: catalyst development, substrate scope, and mechanistic studies.

Enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation reactions: catalyst development, substrate scope, and mechanistic studies.
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对映选择性脱羧烷基化反应:催化剂的发展,底物范围和机械研究。

DOI:
10.1002/chem.201003383
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发表时间:
2011-12-09
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Stoltz, Brian M.
Stoltz, Brian M.
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Behenna, Douglas C.;Mohr, Justin T.;Sherden, Nathaniel H.;Marinescu, Smaranda C.;Harned, Andrew M.;Tani, Kousuke;Seto, Masaki;Ma, Sandy;Novak, Zoltan;Krout, Michael R.;McFadden, Ryan M.;Roizen, Jennifer L.;Enquist, John A., Jr.;White, David E.;Levine, Samantha R.;Petrova, Krastina V.;Iwashita, Akihiko;Virgil, Scott C.;Stoltz, Brian M.

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在膦基恶唑啉(PHOX)配体与钯配合物存在下,烯丙基和炔丙基亲电试剂与不稳定的前手性烯醇化亲核试剂进行新型的对映选择性烷基化反应,合成了α-季酮.从三类烯醇化物前体:烯醇碳酸酯、烯醇硅烷和外消旋β-酮酯获得优异的产率和高对映体过量。这些底物类别中的每一种在产率和对映选择性方面以几乎相同的效率起作用。介绍了催化剂的发现与发展、反应条件的优化、反应范围的探索以及在靶向合成中的应用。实验观察表明,这些烷基化反应发生通过一个不寻常的内层机制,涉及绑定的前手性烯醇亲核试剂直接钯中心。
α-Quaternary ketones are accessed through novel enantioselective alkylations of allyl and propargyl electrophiles by unstabilized prochiral enolate nucleophiles in the presence of palladium complexes with various phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. Excellent yields and high enantiomeric excesses are obtained from three classes of enolate precursors: enol carbonates, enol silanes, and racemic β-ketoesters. Each of these substrate classes functions with nearly identical efficiency in terms of yield and enantioselectivity. Catalyst discovery and development, the optimization of reaction conditions, the exploration of reaction scope, and applications in target-directed synthesis are reported. Experimental observations suggest that these alkylation reactions occur through an unusual inner-sphere mechanism involving binding of the prochiral enolate nucleophile directly to the palladium center.
DOI: 10.1021/om990613o
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