Morphine and codeine in oral fluid after controlled poppy seed administration.
Morphine and codeine in oral fluid after controlled poppy seed administration.
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控制罂粟籽给药后，口腔液中含有吗啡和可待因。
DOI：
10.1002/dta.1742
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Huestis,MarilynA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Concheiro,Marta;Newmeyer,MatthewN;daCosta,JoseLuiz;Flegel,Ron;Gorelick,DavidA;Huestis,MarilynA
鸦片类药物是药物测试方案中的一类重要药物。摄入含有吗啡和可待因的罂粟籽会导致阿片类药物测试呈阳性，并在法医和临床环境中误导结果解释。多篇论文评估了罂粟籽摄入后的尿液阿片浓度，但只有两篇文章提到了口服液的结果；两篇论文都没有提供摄入的吗啡和可待因剂量。我们给17名健康成人分别给予两个45 g的原始罂粟籽剂量，每个剂量包含15.7 mg吗啡和3.1 mg可待因，间隔8 h。所有标本均经Draeger DrugTest5000现场免疫分析筛选，用Oral-Eze®仪器采集，用液相色谱-串联质谱仪(1 微克/L吗啡和可待因限量定量)进行定量。标本(n = 4 5 9)在第一次给药前和32 h后采集。所有标本在给药后0.5 h均为阳性，并在Draeger 20 /L吗啡截止点保持阳性0.5~13 h。吗啡和可待因的最大血药浓度(Cmax)分别为177和32.6 µg/L，达峰时间(Tmax)分别为0.5~1 h和0.5~2.5 h。第二次注射后，吗啡的检测窗口延长了至少24 h，可待因的检测窗口延长到18 h。在两次注射后，最后一次吗啡阳性结果是1 h，40 微克/L 2004年美国物质滥用和精神卫生服务管理局建议的截止值，以及最近由药物和药物影响下驾驶项目推荐的0.5 h，95 微克/L的截止值。在原始罂粟种子中摄入15.7 mg的吗啡后，吗啡检测结果呈阳性的时间可能为0.5-1 h，具体取决于使用的截止日期。版权所有©2014 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
Opiates are an important drug class in drug testing programmes. Ingestion of poppy seeds containing morphine and codeine can yield positive opiate tests and mislead result interpretation in forensic and clinical settings. Multiple publications evaluated urine opiate concentrations following poppy seed ingestion, but only two addressed oral fluid (OF) results; neither provided the ingested morphine and codeine dosage. We administered two 45 g raw poppy seed doses, each containing 15.7 mg morphine and 3.1 mg codeine, 8 h apart to 17 healthy adults. All OF specimens were screened by on‐site OF immunoassay Draeger DrugTest 5000, and confirmed with OF collected with Oral‐Eze® device and quantified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (1 µg/L morphine and codeine limits of quantification). Specimens (n = 459) were collected before and up to 32 h after the first dose. All specimens screened positive 0.5 h after dosing and remained positive for 0.5–13 h at Draeger 20 µg/L morphine cut‐off. Maximum OF morphine and codeine concentrations (Cmax) were 177 and 32.6 µg/L, with times to Cmax(Tmax) of 0.5–1 h and 0.5–2.5 h post‐dose, respectively. Windows of detection after the second dose extended at least 24 h for morphine and to 18 h for codeine. After both doses, the last morphine positive OF result was 1 h with 40 µg/L 2004 proposed US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration cut‐off, and 0.5 h with 95 µg/L cut‐off, recently recommended by the Driving under the Influence of Drugs and Medicines project. Positive OF morphine results are possible 0.5–1 h after ingestion of 15.7 mg of morphine in raw poppy seeds, depending on the cut‐off employed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.