Personality and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Data From a Longitudinal Sample and Meta-Analysis
Personality and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Data From a Longitudinal Sample and Meta-Analysis
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbu184
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Sutin, Angelina R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luchetti, Martina;Terracciano, Antonio;Sutin, Angelina R.
人格特质与痴呆症的风险有关;关于他们与认知功能轨迹的关联知之甚少。本研究探讨了人格的5个主要维度与认知功能和老年人衰退之间的关系，并对已发表的研究进行了荟萃分析。在一个大的全国样本（N = 13，987）中收集了人格特质、客观和主观记忆以及认知状态，并进行了4年的随访。对于每一个特质，荟萃分析汇集了多达5项前瞻性研究的结果，以检查人格和整体认知的变化。高神经质与所有认知指标的表现更差和记忆力下降更大有关，而更高的尽责性和开放性与更好的记忆表现同时存在，随着时间的推移下降较少。所有特质都与主观记忆有关。更高的责任心和更低的外向性与更好的认知状态和更少的下降有关。虽然这些关联不大，但通常大于高血压、糖尿病、心理治疗史、肥胖、吸烟和缺乏体育活动。荟萃分析支持神经质和责任心与认知能力下降之间的联系。人格与老年人的认知能力下降有关，其影响与已建立的临床和生活方式风险因素相当。
Personality traits are associated with risk of dementia; less is known about their association with the trajectory of cognitive functioning. This research examines the association between the 5 major dimensions of personality and cognitive function and decline in older adulthood and includes a meta-analysis of published studies.Personality traits, objective and subjective memory, and cognitive status were collected in a large national sample (N = 13,987) with a 4-year follow-up period. For each trait, the meta-analysis pooled results from up to 5 prospective studies to examine personality and change in global cognition.Higher Neuroticism was associated with worse performance on all cognitive measures and greater decline in memory, whereas higher Conscientiousness and Openness were associated with better memory performance concurrently and less decline over time. All traits were associated with subjective memory. Higher Conscientiousness and lower Extraversion were associated with better cognitive status and less decline. Although modest, these associations were generally larger than that of hypertension, diabetes, history of psychological treatment, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity. The meta-analysis supported the association between Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and cognitive decline.Personality is associated with cognitive decline in older adults, with effects comparable to established clinical and lifestyle risk factors.