Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production
Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.14157
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Van Dingenen, Rita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mills, Gina;Sharps, Katrina;Van Dingenen, Rita
引入高性能作物品种和作物/土壤水分管理做法，增加气孔对二氧化碳的吸收和光合作用，将有助于实现联合国可持续发展目标（SDG），实现粮食安全。然而，迄今为止，关于如何提高作物产量的全球评估未能考虑对流层臭氧的负面影响，臭氧是一种与二氧化碳一起沿着进入植物叶片气孔的气态污染物，其浓度在全球范围内，特别是在快速发展的发展中国家不断增加。早期的研究只是简单地估计，最大的影响是在臭氧浓度最高的地区。使用一种模拟方法，占土壤水分亏缺和气象因素对气孔吸收臭氧的影响，我们首次表明，臭氧对小麦产量的影响特别大，在潮湿的雨养和灌溉地区的主要小麦生产国（如美国，法国，印度，中国和俄罗斯）。我们估计，2010-2012年平均而言，臭氧使北方半球的小麦产量平均减少9.9%，南半球减少6.2%，相当于损失约85 Tg（百万吨）谷物。接受官方发展援助的发展中国家的总产量损失比发达国家高出50%，这可能会降低实现联合国可持续发展目标2的可能性。至关重要的是，我们的分析表明，臭氧可能会减少增加灌溉量以应对气候变化的潜在产量效益，因为增加灌溉会增加污染物的吸收和随后的负面影响。我们表明，在不断变化的气候中缓解空气污染可以在实现上述联合国可持续发展目标方面发挥至关重要的作用，同时也有助于实现与人类健康和福祉、生态系统和气候变化相关的其他可持续发展目标。
Introduction of high-performing crop cultivars and crop/soil water management practices that increase the stomatal uptake of carbon dioxide and photosynthesis will be instrumental in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving food security. To date, however, global assessments of how to increase crop yield have failed to consider the negative effects of tropospheric ozone, a gaseous pollutant that enters the leaf stomatal pores of plants along with carbon dioxide, and is increasing in concentration globally, particularly in rapidly developing countries. Earlier studies have simply estimated that the largest effects are in the areas with the highest ozone concentrations. Using a modelling method that accounts for the effects of soil moisture deficit and meteorological factors on the stomatal uptake of ozone, we show for the first time that ozone impacts on wheat yield are particularly large in humid rain-fed and irrigated areas of major wheat-producing countries (e.g. United States, France, India, China and Russia). Averaged over 2010-2012, we estimate that ozone reduces wheat yields by a mean 9.9% in the northern hemisphere and 6.2% in the southern hemisphere, corresponding to some 85 Tg (million tonnes) of lost grain. Total production losses in developing countries receiving Official Development Assistance are 50% higher than those in developed countries, potentially reducing the possibility of achieving UN SDG2. Crucially, our analysis shows that ozone could reduce the potential yield benefits of increasing irrigation usage in response to climate change because added irrigation increases the uptake and subsequent negative effects of the pollutant. We show that mitigation of air pollution in a changing climate could play a vital role in achieving the above-mentioned UN SDG, while also contributing to other SDGs related to human health and well-being, ecosystems and climate change.